Editing Camille Pissarro (section)

==Early years==
[[File:Camille Pissarro - Paisaje tropical.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|''Landscape with Farmhouses and Palm Trees'', c. 1853. [[National Art Gallery (Caracas)|Galería de Arte Nacional, Caracas]]]]
[[File:Deux femmes causant au bord de la mer, Saint Thomas (Camille Pissarro) – NGA 1985.64.30.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|''Two Women Chatting by the Sea'', [[Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands|St. Thomas]], 1856]]
Jacob Abraham Camille Pissarro was born on 10 July 1830 on the island of [[St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands|St. Thomas]] to Frederick Abraham Gabriel Pissarro and Rachel Manzano-Pomié.<ref name="collier">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Hamilton |first=George Heard |editor-first=William D. |editor-last=Halsey |encyclopedia=Collier's Encyclopedia |title=Pissarro, Camille |year=1976 |publisher=Macmillan Educational Corporation |volume=19 |location=New York |page=83}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Eiermann, Wold |contribution=Camille Pissarro 1830–1903 |editor-first=Christoph |editor-last=Becker |title=Camille Pissarro (exhibition in Stuttgart) |publisher=[[Hatje Cantz Verlag]] |location=Ostfildern-Ruit, New York |year=1999 |page=1 |isbn=9783775708616 }}</ref> His father was of [[Jews of Portugal|Portuguese Jewish]] descent and held French nationality. His mother was from a French-Jewish family from St. Thomas with Provençal Jewish roots.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/news/marriage-of-opposites-rachel-pissarro |title='The Marriage of Opposites': Who Was Rachel Pissarro |date=September 14, 2015 |last=Murphy |first=Jessica |access-date=8 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425091642/http://www.biography.com/news/marriage-of-opposites-rachel-pissarro |archive-date=25 April 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> His father was a merchant who came to the island from France to deal with the hardware store of a deceased uncle, Isaac Petit, and married his widow. The marriage caused a stir within St. Thomas's small Jewish community because she was previously married to Frederick's uncle and according to Jewish law a man is forbidden from marrying his aunt. In subsequent years his four children attended the all-black primary school.<ref name=Mendez>{{cite book |last=Mendez-Mendez |first=Serafin |title=Notable Caribbeans and Caribbean Americans: a Biographical Dictionary |publisher=Greenwood Publishing |year=2003 |pages=349–350 |isbn=9780313314438 }}</ref> Upon his death, his will specified that his estate be split equally between the synagogue and St. Thomas' Protestant church.<ref name=Joachim>{{cite web |last=Pissarro |first=Joachim |url=http://www.artchive.com/artchive/ftptoc/pissarro_ext.html |title=Camille Pissarro (1830 -1903) biography |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319060020/http://www.artchive.com/artchive/ftptoc/pissarro_ext.html |archive-date=19 March 2012 |work=Artchive}}</ref>

When Pissarro was twelve his father sent him to boarding school in France. He studied at the Savary Academy in [[Passy]] near Paris. While a young student, he developed an early appreciation of the French art masters. Monsieur Savary himself gave him a strong grounding in drawing and painting and suggested he draw from nature when he returned to St. Thomas.

After his schooling, Pissarro returned to St. Thomas at the age of sixteen or seventeen, where his father advocated Pissarro to work in his business as a port clerk.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=John|first=Rewald|title=Die Geschichte des Impressionismus|publisher=Du Mont|year=1986|isbn=3770111664|location=[[Cologne]]|pages=11|language=de|author-link=John Rewald}}</ref> Nevertheless, Pissarro took every opportunity during those next five years at the job to practice drawing during breaks and after work.<ref name="Masters">{{cite book |title=The Great Masters |publisher=Quantum Books |year=2004 |pages=279–319 |isbn=978-1861607577 }}</ref><ref name=":0" />

Visual theorist [[Nicholas Mirzoeff]] claims that the young Pissarro was inspired by the artworks of [[James Gay Sawkins]], a British painter and geologist who lived in [[Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands|Charlotte Amalie]], St. Thomas circa 1847. Pissarro may have attended art classes taught by Sawkins and seen Sawkins's paintings of [[Mitla|Mitla, Mexico]].<ref name=":11">{{Cite book |last=Mirzoeff |first=Nicholas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tmXJcRYS060C |title=The Right to Look: A Counterhistory of Visuality |date=2011-11-18 |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=978-0-8223-4918-1 |pages=158 |language=en}}</ref> Mirzoeff states, "A formal analysis suggests that [Sawkins's] work influenced the young Pissarro, who had just returned to the island from his school in France. Soon afterward, Pissarro began his own drawings of the local African population in apparent imitation of Sawkins," creating "sketches for a postslavery imagination."<ref name=":11" />

When Pissarro turned twenty-one, Danish artist [[Fritz Melbye]], then living on St. Thomas, inspired him to take on painting as a full-time profession, becoming his teacher and friend. Pissarro then chose to leave his family and job and live in [[Venezuela]], where he and Melbye spent the next two years working as artists in [[Caracas]] and [[La Guaira]]. He drew everything he could, including landscapes, village scenes, and numerous sketches, enough to fill up multiple sketchbooks.