Editing Cambridge Springs, Pennsylvania (section)

== History ==
The village of Cambridge was settled in 1822 and named for the town of [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]].<ref name="munic">{{Cite book |last=Hottenstein |first=JoAnne |last2=Welch |first2=Sibyl |chapter=Crawford County |title=Incorporation dates of Pennsylvania municipalities |year=1965 |publisher=Bureau of Municipal Affairs, Pennsylvania Department of Internal Affairs |location=[[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]] |chapter-url=http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/counties/pdfs/Crawford.pdf |access-date=July 31, 2011 |page=49}}</ref><ref>Bates, p. 490.</ref> It was incorporated into the [[borough (Pennsylvania)|borough]] of Cambridgeboro on April&nbsp;3, 1866.<ref name="munic"/><ref name="bates 493">Bates, p. 493.</ref>

In the late 19th century, Cambridgeboro was known for its [[mineral spring]]s. The discovery of the springs eventually led to the borough being renamed to Cambridge Springs on April&nbsp;1, 1897.<ref name="bates 493"/> It was a [[resort town]] featuring a variety of hotels including the Rider Hotel, which burned down in 1931. The last of these hotels, the [[Riverside Inn (Cambridge Springs, Pennsylvania)|Riverside Inn]], burned down on May 2, 2017, and had been listed in the [[National Register of Historic Places]] since 1978. Also listed on the National Register of Historic Places are the [[Cambridge Springs Bridge]] and [[Amos Kelly House]].<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>

In 1904, the Rider Hotel in Cambridge Springs was the site of a famous [[chess]] [[1904 Cambridge Springs International Chess Congress|tournament]] won by [[Frank Marshall (chess player)|Frank Marshall]] ahead of [[World Chess Championship|World Champion]] [[Emanuel Lasker]] and fourteen other players. A variation of the [[Queen's Gambit Declined]] [[chess opening|opening]] played several times there is today known as the [[Queen's Gambit Declined, Cambridge Springs Defense|Cambridge Springs Defense]] (1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Nbd7 5.e3 c6 6.Nf3 Qa5 in [[algebraic notation (chess)|algebraic notation]]).

From 1912 to 1987, it was home to [[Alliance College]]. In 1912, United States President [[William Howard Taft]] traveled to Cambridge Springs for the dedication. The site of the college is now occupied by the [[State Correctional Institution – Cambridge Springs]], a minimum-security prison.

In the early 20th century, the town became a "veritable 'Mecca' to chronic hoboes" who were interested in meeting [[Leon Ray Livingston]], the famed [[hobo]] and author who had established Cambridge Springs as his home base while not traveling.

The borough adopted a home rule charter on May 21, 1974, that took effect on January 5, 1976.<ref>[[Pennsylvania Code]] [http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/320/chapter41/chap41toc.html Title 320, Sec. 41.1-101 ''et seq.''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050901162849/http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/320/chapter41/chap41toc.html |date=2005-09-01 }}</ref> While the community's official name remains the "Borough of Cambridge Springs", it is no longer subject to the Pennsylvania Borough Code.