Editing Calorimeter (section)

==History==
In 1761 [[Joseph Black]] introduced the idea of [[latent heat]] which led to the creation of the first ice calorimeters.<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Black, Joseph". Encyclopædia Britannica. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</ref> In 1780, [[Antoine Lavoisier]] used the heat released by the [[Respiration (physiology)|respiration]] of a [[guinea pig]] to melt snow surrounding his apparatus, showing that [[respiratory gas exchange]] is a form of [[combustion]], similar to the burning of a candle.<ref>Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, Elements of Chemistry: In a New Systematic Order; Containing All the Modern Discoveries, 1789: "I acknowledge the name of Calorimeter, which I have given it, as derived partly from Greek and partly from Latin, is in some degree open to criticism; but in matters of science, a slight deviation from strict etymology, for the sake of giving distinctness of idea, is excusable; and I could not derive the name entirely from Greek without approaching too near to the names of known instruments employed for other purposes."</ref> Lavoisier named this apparatus 'calorimeter', based on both Greek and Latin roots. One of the first ice calorimeters was used in the winter of 1782–83 by Lavoisier and [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]]. It relied on the heat required for the melting of ice to measure the heat released in various chemical reactions.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/79/5/899S |last1=Buchholz |first1=Andrea C |last2=Schoeller |first2=Dale A. |year=2004 |title=Is a Calorie a Calorie? |journal=American Journal of Clinical Nutrition |volume=79 |number=5 |pages=899S–906S |pmid=15113737 |access-date=2007-03-12 |doi=10.1093/ajcn/79.5.899S|doi-access=free }}</ref>