Editing Cable-stayed bridge (section)

==History==
[[File:Pons ferrevs by Faust Vrančić.jpg|thumb|left|Chain-stayed bridge by the [[Renaissance]] [[polymath]] [[Fausto Veranzio]], from 1595/1616. Prior to industrial manufacture of heavy wire rope (steel cable), suspended or stayed bridges were firstly constructed with linked rods (chain).]]

Cable-stayed bridges date back to 1595, where designs were found in ''Machinae Novae'', a book by [[Croatia]]n-[[Republic of Venice|Venetian]] inventor [[Fausto Veranzio]]. Many early suspension bridges were cable-stayed construction, including the 1817 footbridge [[Dryburgh Abbey Bridge]], [[James Dredge, Sr.|James Dredge]]'s patented [[Victoria Bridge, Bath]] (1836), and the later [[Albert Bridge, London|Albert Bridge]] (1872) and [[Brooklyn Bridge]] (1883). Their designers found that the combination of technologies created a stiffer bridge. [[John A. Roebling]] took particular advantage of this to limit deformations due to railway loads in the [[Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge]].

The earliest known surviving example of a true cable-stayed bridge in the United States is E.E. Runyon's largely intact steel or iron [[Bluff Dale Suspension Bridge|Bluff Dale Suspension bridge]] with wooden stringers and decking in [[Bluff Dale, Texas]] (1890), or his weeks earlier but ruined [[Barton Creek Bridge]] between [[Huckabay, Texas]] and [[Gordon, Texas]] (1889 or 1890).<ref>{{cite web
 |title= Bluff Dale Suspension Bridge
 |work= [[Historic American Engineering Record]]
 |publisher= [[Library of Congress]]
 |url= http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/hhh.tx0762
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |title= Barton Creek Bridge
 |work= [[Historic American Engineering Record]]
 |publisher= [[Library of Congress]]
 |url= http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/hhh.tx0955
}}</ref>  In the twentieth century, early examples of cable-stayed bridges included A. Gisclard's unusual Cassagnes bridge (1899),<ref>{{coord|42.5040|2.1436|format=dms|type:landmark|display=inline}}</ref> in which the horizontal part of the cable forces is balanced by a separate horizontal tie cable, preventing significant compression in the deck, and G. Leinekugel le Coq's bridge<ref>{{coord|48.7807|-3.1065345|format=dms|type:landmark|display=inline}}</ref> at [[Lézardrieux]] in [[Brittany]] (1924). [[Eduardo Torroja]] designed a cable-stayed aqueduct<ref>{{coord|36.64876|-5.9304|format=dms|type:landmark|display=inline}}</ref> at Tempul in 1926.<ref name="troyano">{{cite book
 |last= Troyano
 |first= Leonardo
 |title= Bridge Engineering: A Global Perspective
 |publisher= Thomas Telford
 |year= 2003
 |pages= 650–652
 |isbn= 0-7277-3215-3
}}</ref> [[Albert Caquot]]'s 1952 concrete-decked cable-stayed bridge<ref>{{coord|44.3824|4.7284|format=dms|type:landmark|display=inline}}</ref> over the Donzère-Mondragon canal at [[Pierrelatte]] is one of the first of the modern type, but had little influence on later development.<ref name="troyano"/> The steel-decked [[Strömsund Bridge]] designed by [[Franz Dischinger]] (1955) is, therefore, more often cited as the first modern cable-stayed bridge.

[[File:Abdoun Bridge (7).jpg|thumb|[[Abdoun Bridge]], Amman, Jordan, example of an [[extradosed bridge]] ]]
Other key pioneers included [[Fabrizio de Miranda]], [[Riccardo Morandi]], and [[Fritz Leonhardt]]. Early bridges from this period used very few stay cables, as in the [[Theodor Heuss Bridge (Düsseldorf)|Theodor Heuss Bridge]] (1958). However, this involves substantial erection costs, and more modern structures tend to use many more cables to ensure greater economy.