Editing Brunswick Cathedral (section)

==History==
[[Henry the Lion]] established the original foundation as a [[collegiate church]], built between 1173 and 1195. Among the most important pieces on display in the church are a wooden [[crucifix]] by Master [[Imervard]] dating from the second half of the 12th century and one of very few huge [[bronze]] [[candlestick]]s with seven arms, dating from around the 1170s.

The construction of the church was disrupted several times during the various exiles of Henry the Lion, so that he and his consort [[Matilda, Duchess of Saxony]], were both buried in an unfinished church. The [[limestone]] statues of them on their [[tomb]] in the [[nave]] are an idealised representation made a generation after their death, between 1230 and 1240. The cathedral was consecrated on 29 December 1226, dedicated to Saints [[Saint Blaise|Blaise]], [[John the Baptist]] and [[Thomas Becket]]. In 1543, at the time of the [[Protestant Reformation]], the City of Brunswick, in opposition to [[Henry V, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Duke Henry V of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]], joined the [[Schmalkaldic League]], and the church came into  [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] use. Its [[College (canon law)|college]] was dissolved.

Until 1671, the cathedral held a medieval collection of ecclesiastical relics that later became known as the Welfenschatz. In 2015, Germany declared 42 pieces of the Welfenschatz a national treasure, designating them as the [[Guelph Treasure]]. These relics are maintained by a foundation known as the [[Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz]] (SPK), and displayed at the [[Bode-Museum]] in Berlin. The cathedral lost possession of the collection in 1671 when the relics were removed by [[John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Calenberg|John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Prince of Calenberg]]. Until 1803, a portion was housed at the court chapel at [[Hanover]]. In 1929, 82 relics were sold by [[Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick]] to a consortium of German-Jewish art dealers. They in turn sold 40 pieces to mostly private collectors, except for nine that went to the [[Cleveland Museum of Art]]. The remaining 42 pieces were sold as a group in 1935. After the collection's designation as a national treasure in 2015, heirs of the art dealers brought common lawsuit(s) against Germany in U.S. courts in an attempt to recover perceived losses resulting from the 1935 sale. Germany's motion to dismiss on the basis of jurisdiction and conflicts with the [[Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act]] was denied once, then again in an appeal. Germany sought intervention by the [[US Supreme Court]]. The Supreme Court heard the case (FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY ET AL. v. PHILIPP ET AL) in October 2020 and issued on 3 February 2021, an order that vacated and remanded the case back to US District Court.<ref>[https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/20pdf/19-351_o7jp.pdf "FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY ET AL. v. PHILIPP ET AL., Syllabus No. 19–351, February 3, 2021, US Supreme Court, CJ Roberts, delivered opinion for a unanimous Court"]</ref>

The cathedral is the burial place of [[Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor]] (1175/76-1218) and [[Caroline of Brunswick]], Queen Consort of [[George IV of the United Kingdom]].