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==Etymology== The brown bear is sometimes referred to as the {{lang|enm|bruin}}, from [[Middle English]]. This name originated in the fable ''History of [[Reynard the Fox]]'', translated by [[William Caxton]], from the [[Middle Dutch]] word {{lang|dum|bruun}} or {{lang|dum|bruyn}}, meaning "brown".<ref>{{OEtymD|bruin}}</ref><ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bruin Bruin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920163326/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bruin |date=20 September 2022 }}, ''Encyclopaedia Britannica''</ref> In the mid-19th-century United States, the brown bear was given the nicknames "Old Ephraim" and "Moccasin Joe".<ref name="rooseeltv">[https://www.fulltextarchive.com/page/Hunting-the-Grisly-and-Other-Sketches1/#p58 Hunting the Grisly and other Sketches] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906135409/http://www.fulltextarchive.com/page/Hunting-the-Grisly-and-Other-Sketches1/#p58 |date=6 September 2017 }}. FullTextArchive.com. Retrieved 15 September 2011.</ref> The scientific name of the brown bear, ''Ursus arctos'', comes from the Latin {{lang|la|[[Bear#Etymology|ursus]]}}, meaning "bear",<ref>Liddell, Henry George and Scott, Robert. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Dursus "Ursus."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301200216/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Dursus |date=1 March 2021 }} ''A Latin Dictionary''. Perseus Digital Library.</ref> and the Greek {{lang|grc|แผฯฮบฯฮฟฯ}}/{{transliteration|grc|arktos}}, also meaning "bear".<ref>Liddell, Henry George and Scott, Robert.[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2315199 "Arktos."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630102051/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2315199&redirect=true |date=30 June 2023 }} ''A Greek-English Lexicon''. Perseus Digital Library.</ref>
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