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==History== Once territory of the Wawenock (or Walinakiak, meaning "People of the Bay") [[Abenaki]] [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indians]], early Bristol was one of the most important and embattled [[frontier]] settlements in the province. Beginning with seasonal fishing, as early as 1625 the [[English people|English]] established at Pemaquid Point a year-round [[trading post]] for [[fur trading]]. In 1631, the area was granted as the Pemaquid Patent by the [[Plymouth Council for New England|Plymouth Council]] to Robert Aldsworth and Gyles Elbridge, merchants from [[Bristol, England|Bristol]], [[England]].<ref name=Coolidge>{{Cite book | last = Coolidge | first = Austin J.|author2= John B. Mansfield | title = A History and Description of New England| publisher = A.J. Coolidge | year = 1859| location = Boston, Massachusetts| pages = [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OcoMAAAAYAAJ/page/n98 66]β72| url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OcoMAAAAYAAJ| quote = coolidge mansfield history description new england 1859. }}</ref> === Raid on Pemaquid (1632) === A village and [[palisade]] fort were constructed. In 1632, Pemaquid was raided and [[plunder]]ed by the [[pirate]] [[Dixie Bull]]. The [[Great Colonial Hurricane of 1635|Great Colonial Hurricane]] on August 15, 1635 sank the [[galleon]] [[Angel Gabriel (ship)|''Angel Gabriel'']] while it was anchored off the settlement, drowning some crew and passengers. In 1664, the [[Duke of York]] (the future [[James II of England|King James II]]) claimed Pemaquid was within his patent, which also included [[Sagadahoc County, Maine|Sagadahoc]] and recently acquired [[New Amsterdam]]. To help [[anglicize]] the latter into [[New York City]], Governor [[Edmund Andros|Sir Edmund Andros]] had some of its [[Dutch people|Dutch]] inhabitants transported to Pemaquid, now called Jamestown for its royal owner. By 1665, the village had approximately 30 houses.<ref name="Coolidge"/> ===King Philip's War=== ====Raid on Pemaquid (1676)==== During [[King Philip's War]], in 1676 Indians attacked and burned [[English people|English]] settlements up the coast, including Pemaquid. The following year, a new wooden defense called Fort [[Charles II of England|Charles]] was built. ===King William's War=== ====Siege of Pemaquid (1689)==== {{main|Siege of Pemaquid (1689)}} During [[King William's War]]βthe first of four [[French and Indian Wars]]βFort Charles and the village were attacked and destroyed in 1689 by the French from [[Castine, Maine]]. The inhabitants of Pemaquid were either killed or taken prisoner.<ref name="Varney 1886">{{Citation | last = Varney | first = George J. | title = Gazetteer of the state of Maine. Bristol | place = Boston | publisher = Russell | year = 1886 | url = http://history.rays-place.com/me/bristol-me.htm | access-date = 2007-10-18 | archive-date = 2013-08-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130814172003/http://history.rays-place.com/me/bristol-me.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref> ====Siege of Pemaquid (1696)==== {{Main|Siege of Pemaquid (1696)}} [[Image:Stone Castle of Fort William Henry, Pemaquid Beach, ME.jpg|thumb|right|Replica of [[Fort William Henry (Pemaquid Beach, Maine)|Fort William Henry]] in 1909]] By 1692, the English regained control of the region, and [[William Phips|Sir William Phipps]] ordered construction of [[Fort William Henry (Pemaquid Beach, Maine)|Fort William Henry]], named after King [[William III of England]]. This time built of stone.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.friendsofcolonialpemaquid.org/PNewHistory.html |title=History -- Friends of Colonial Pemaquid |access-date=2011-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814032030/http://www.friendsofcolonialpemaquid.org/PNewHistory.html |archive-date=2013-08-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref> On August 14β15, 1696, the famous [[Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville]] captured and destroyed the fort along with a combined force of [[French people|French]] and Indians from present-day [[Castine, Maine|Castine]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Reid|first=John G.|author-link=John G. Reid|chapter=1686β1720: Imperial Intrusions|editor1=Phillip Buckner|editor2=John G. Reid|title=The Atlantic Region to Confederation: A History|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P2spDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA83|year=1994|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-1-4875-1676-5|page=83|jstor=j.ctt15jjfrm}}</ref> Commander of the fort, Captain Pascoe Chubb surrendered the fort. Iberville killed three of the soldiers and sent the other ninety-two back to Boston. In response to this raid [[Benjamin Church (ranger)|Benjamin Church]] was sent from Boston to attack [[Acadia]].<ref name="Coolidge"/> ===Raid on Pemaquid (1717)=== In early May 1717, a sloop under the command of a Captain Carr was captured by ten [[pirate]]s on a 25-ton [[sloop]] (formerly owned by a Colonel Stephen Minot) in Pemaquid. The pirate sloop had come from [[Monhegan, Maine|Monhegan]] to the south, where on April 29, the [[Snow (ship)|Snow (a type of two masted vessel)]] ''Anne'' arrived. The ''Anne'' had originally been captured off the [[Virginia Capes]] in April by the pirate [[Samuel Bellamy]] in the ''[[Whydah Gally|Whydah]]'', which wrecked in a storm on the night of April 26, 1717 off of Cape Cod. The ''Anne'' made it through the storm with another captured vessel, the ''Fisher'' (which was soon abandoned and the pirates aboard her transferred to the ''Anne''). The pirates arrived at Monhegan on April 29, and waited for the ''Whydah'', for the pirates had not seen nor heard about the ''Whydah'''s wrecking in the storm of the night of April 26. The pirates eventually realized the ''Whydah'' was lost, and proceeded to attack vessels in the area, including [[Matinicus Isle, Maine|Matinicus Island]] (which is where the sloop the pirates used at Pemaquid was captured from). The attack at Pemaquid was described in a deposition as follows: <blockquote>...[the pirates] went after Capt. Carr's sloop, lying at Pemaquid, which they alsoe took a little distance from said Pemaquid, but finding the Mast and Bowspreat not serviceable [to repair the snow] they left her there, and brought the Master thereof aboard the Snow then at Menhagen [Monhegan]...</blockquote> The pirates soon left the area, abandoning all the other vessels (including the ''Anne'') they had captured and most of their prisoners at Matinicus on or about May 9, 1717 on Minot's sloop.<ref>"Deposition of Ralph Merry and Samuel Roberts" Boston. May 11, May 16, 1717. in Jameson, John Franklin. ''Privateering and Piracy in the Colonial Period: Illustrative Documents''. New York: Macmillan Company, 1923, pp. 301β302</ref> ===Father Rale's War=== During [[Father Rale's War]], the location was a rendezvous for Natives and French to return inhabitants of Pemaquid and vicinity that they had taken prisoner during the war. Colonel David Dunbar, Surveyor-General of the King's Woods, rebuilt the fort in 1729β1730, renaming it Fort [[Frederick, Prince of Wales|Frederick]]. He renamed the town Harrington after the [[William Stanhope, 1st Earl of Harrington|Earl of Harrington]], who had helped arrange the 1729 [[Treaty of Seville]].<ref name="Coolidge"/> ===King George's War=== ====Raid on Pemaquid (1747)==== During [[King George's War]], Fort Frederick withstood two attacks in 1747, but in 1759 was decommissioned at the end of the [[French and Indian Wars]]. ===American Revolution=== In 1775, the town dismantled the fort to prevent it from becoming a British stronghold during the [[American Revolution|Revolutionary War]]. The state acquired the site in 1902, and in 1908 rebuilt the tower of Fort William Henry under guidance of historian John Henry Cartland, using many original stones. In 1993, the site was designated a [[National Historic Landmark]]. ===Bristol established=== On June 21, 1765, the town was incorporated as Bristol, named after the home port of the Pemaquid Patent proprietors.<ref name="Varney 1886"/> During the [[War of 1812]], the waters off Pemaquid Point saw the [[capture of HMS Boxer|capture of HMS ''Boxer'']] by the [[USS Enterprise (1799)|USS ''Enterprise'']] on September 5, 1813. The town would set off land to create [[Nobleboro, Maine|Nobleboro]] in 1788, [[Bremen, Maine|Bremen]] in 1828, [[Damariscotta, Maine|Damariscotta]] in 1848 and [[South Bristol, Maine|South Bristol]] in 1915. Today, Bristol is a popular tourist destination. <gallery> File:Pemaquid Harbor, Pemaquid, ME.jpg|Pemaquid Harbor {{circa|1908}} File:Fort Rock and Castle Wall Foundations, Pemaquid Beach, ME.jpg|Fort Rock {{circa|1906}} File:Old Fort House, Pemaquid Beach, ME.jpg|Old Fort House in 1909 File:General View of New Harbor, ME.jpg|New Harbor {{circa|1905}} </gallery>
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