Editing Border Collie (section)

==History==
The Border Collie is descended from [[landrace]] [[collie]]s, a type found widely in the [[British Isles]]. The name for the breed came from its probable place of origin along the Anglo-Scottish border.<ref name="American Kennel Club">{{cite web|url=http://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/border-collie/#standard |title=American Kennel Club - Border Collie |publisher=Akc.org|access-date=2010-09-13}}</ref> Mention of the "collie" or "Colley" type first appeared toward the end of the 19th century, although the word "collie" is older than this and has its origin in the [[Scots language]]. It is also thought that the word 'collie' comes from the old Celtic word for useful.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}} Many Border Collies today can be traced back to a dog known as [[Old Hemp]].<ref>McCulloch, John Herries (1952). ''Border Collie studies''. WSN (Maps and Plans). {{ISBN|978-1-85829-066-9}}.</ref>{{rp|4}}

In 1915, James Reid, Secretary of the [[International Sheep Dog Society]] (ISDS) in the United Kingdom first used the term "border collie" to distinguish those dogs registered by the ISDS from the [[Kennel Club]]'s collie (or [[Scotch collie]], including the [[rough collie]] and [[smooth collie]]) which originally came from the same working stock but had developed a different, standardised appearance following introduction to the show ring in 1860 and mixture with different breeds.<ref>[http://www.barkbytes.com/history/Collie.htm Collie Breed History] Lee Weston, www.barkbytes.com. Retrieved 12 August 2007.</ref>

===Old Hemp===
{{Main|Old Hemp}}

[[File:2015 Telfer Hemp Memorial 02.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Old Hemp]] Memorial at [[West Woodburn]], [[Northumberland]]]] Old Hemp, a [[Tricolor (dog)#Patterns|tricolour]] dog, was born in Northumberland, England in September 1893 and died in May 1901.<ref name="allbordercollies.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.allbordercollies.com/aboutbcs.php |title=About the Border Collie |publisher=Allbordercollies.com |access-date=2010-09-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080219114851/http://www.allbordercollies.com/aboutbcs.php |archive-date=2008-02-19 }}</ref> He was bred by Adam Telfer from Roy, a black and tan dog, and Meg, a black-coated, strong-eyed dog. Hemp was a quiet, powerful dog to which sheep responded easily. Many shepherds used him for stud and Hemp's working style became the Border Collie style. All [[purebred]] Border Collies alive today can trace an ancestral line back to Old Hemp.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bordercolliemuseum.org/AuldHemp/AULDHEMP.html|title=BC Museum: AULDHEMP|website=www.bordercolliemuseum.org|access-date=2017-01-15}}</ref> He was believed to have sired as many as 200 pups over the span of his life.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://colliepoint.com/border-collie-history/|title=Border Collie History: From Old Hemp to New Beginnings - Collie Point|website=colliepoint.com|date=18 October 2018|language=en-US|access-date=2018-10-21}}</ref>

===Wiston Cap===
Wiston Cap (b. 28 September 1963)<ref name="http://db.kennel.dk/">{{cite web|url=http://db.kennel.dk/ |title=Border Collie Database |publisher=Db.kennel.dk |date=2002-08-08 |access-date=2010-09-13}}</ref> is the dog that the [[International Sheep Dog Society]] (ISDS) badge portrays in the characteristic Border Collie herding pose. He was a popular [[Dog breeding|stud dog]] in the history of the breed, and his bloodline can be seen in most bloodlines of the modern-day collie.<ref name="allbordercollies.com"/> Bred by W. S. Hetherington and trained and handled by John Richardson, Cap was a biddable and good-natured dog. His bloodlines all trace back to the early registered dogs of the studbook, and to J. M. Wilson's Cap, whose name occurs 16 times within seven generations in his pedigree. Wiston Cap sired three Supreme Champions and is grand-sire of three others, one of whom was E. W. Edwards' Bill, who won the championship twice.

===Introduction to New Zealand and Australia===
Collies were listed as imports to New Zealand as early as 1858, but the type was not specified.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/TC18580611.2.4|title=Imports.|date=1858-06-11|work=Colonist|access-date=2018-04-18|pages=2}}</ref> In the late 1890s James Lilico<ref>{{Cite book|title=The breeding and training of sheep dogs|last=Lilico|first=James|publisher=Southland News|year=1920|isbn=978-3-540-63293-1|location=Invercargill, New Zealand}}</ref> (1861?–1945) of [[Christchurch]], [[New Zealand]], imported a number of working dogs from the [[United Kingdom]]. These included Hindhope Jed, a black, tan and white<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hartingdale.com.au/~wkc/HisDtrialsHTML.htm|title=Historical Sheepdog Trials|last=Cooper|first=Barbara|access-date=9 December 2009|archive-date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407223828/http://www.hartingdale.com.au/~wkc/HisDtrialsHTML.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> born in Hindhope, [[Scotland]] in 1895, as well as Maudie, Moss of Ancrum, Ness and Old Bob.

It is unclear whether Hindhope Jed was a descendant of Old Hemp. Born two years after him, she is mentioned in a ''British Hunts and Huntsmen'' article concerning a Mr John Elliot of Jedburgh:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.noonbarra.com/history.html|title=Origin And History of the Australian Working Kelpie}}</ref>

<blockquote>Mr. Elliot himself is well known for his breed of collies. His father supplied Noble to the late Queen Victoria and it was from our subject that the McLeod got Hindhope Jed, now the champion of [[New Zealand]] and Australia.<ref>{{cite mailing list|url=http://listsearches.rootsweb.com/th/read/BORDER/1998-06/0897939178|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226113957/http://listsearches.rootsweb.com/th/read/BORDER/1998-06/0897939178|archive-date=2016-12-26|mailing-list=[[RootsWeb]]: BORDER-L|title=Re: GLENDINNING|first=Trish|last=Pattison|date=15 June 1998 |access-date=2009-12-10}}</ref></blockquote>

On her departure to New Zealand, Hindhope Jed was already in pup to ''Captain'', another of the then-new "border" strain. Hindhope Jed had won three trials in her native Scotland, and was considered to be the "best to cross the equator".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bonnidune.com/info.html|title=Border Collie Breed Information|last=Whiteman|first=Kelly|website=www.bonnidune.com|access-date=2017-12-07|archive-date=25 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225044159/https://bonnidune.com/info.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1901 the King and Mcleod stud was created by Charles Beechworth King (b. 1855, Murrumbidgee, NSW), his brother and Alec McLeod at Canonbar, near [[Nyngan]] (north-west of [[Sydney]]), brought Hindhope Jed to Australia, where she enjoyed considerable success at sheepdog trials.

The [[New Zealand Heading Dog]] breed was developed from Border Collies.