Editing Bolsover Castle (section)

==History==
===Medieval===
The original castle was built by the Peverel family in the 12th century and became Crown property in 1155 when [[William Peverel the Younger]] died. The [[Ferrers family]] who were [[Earls of Derby]] laid claim to the Peverel property.<ref name=bolsover>{{cite web|title=Bolsover|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=50811#s8|work=A Topographical Dictionary of England (1848)|publisher=British History Online|access-date=11 September 2013}}</ref>

When a group of barons led by King [[Henry II of England|Henry II's]] sons&nbsp;– [[Henry the Young King]], [[Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany|Geoffrey Duke of Brittany]], and Prince [[Richard I of England|Richard]], later Richard the Lionheart&nbsp;– [[Revolt of 1173–1174|revolted against the King's rule]], Henry spent £116 on building at the castles of Bolsover and [[Peveril Castle|Peveril]] in Derbyshire.<ref name=Eales23>{{harvnb|Eales|2006|p=23}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Colvin|Brown|1963|p=572}}</ref> The garrison was increased to a force led by 20&nbsp;[[knight]]s and was shared with the castles of Peveril and [[Nottingham Castle|Nottingham]] during the revolt.<ref name=Eales23/> King [[John, King of England|John]] ascended the throne in 1199 after his brother Richard's death. [[William de Ferrers, 4th Earl of Derby]] maintained the claim of the Earls of Derby to the Peveril estates. He paid John 2000&nbsp;[[Mark (money)#England and Scotland|marks]] for the lordship of the Peak, but the Crown retained possession of Bolsover and Peveril Castles. John finally gave them to Ferrers in 1216 to secure his support in the face of country-wide rebellion. However, the castellan [[Brian de Lisle]] refused to hand them over. Although Lisle and Ferrers were both John's supporters, John gave Ferrers permission to use force to take the castles. The situation was still chaotic when [[Henry III of England|Henry&nbsp;III]] became king after his father's death in 1216. Bolsover fell to Ferrers' forces in 1217 after a siege.<ref>{{harvnb|Eales|2006|p=24}}</ref>

The castle was returned to crown control in 1223, at which point £33 was spent on repairing the damage the Earl of Derby had caused when capturing the castle six years earlier. Over the next 20 years, four towers were added, the keep was repaired, various parts of the curtain wall were repaired, and a kitchen and barn were built, all at a cost of £181. From 1290 onward, the castle and its surrounding [[manorialism|manor]] were granted to a series of local farmers. Under their custodianship, the castle gradually fell into a state of disrepair.<ref>{{harvnb|Colvin|Brown|1963|p=573}}</ref>

===Post-medieval===
Bolsover Castle was granted to [[Francis Talbot, 5th Earl of Shrewsbury]], by [[Edward VI]] in 1553. His son, the [[George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury]] was the keeper of [[Mary, Queen of Scots]] at [[Chatsworth House]]. In 1574, two Scottish servants in the stable at Bolsover, Alexander Hamilton and John Stewart, were suspected of carrying letters secretly to Mary. Stewart mentioned that the bailiff of Bolsover was Henry Smith, Jane Mason was housekeeper, and the maids were Jane Jackson and Elizabeth Wise.<ref>William Boyd, ''Calendar State Papers Scotland'', vol. 4 (Edinburgh, 1905), p. 672 no. 781.</ref>

Following Shrewsbury's death in 1590, his son [[Gilbert Talbot, 7th Earl of Shrewsbury]], sold the ruins of Bolsover Castle to his step-brother and brother-in-law Sir [[Charles Cavendish (1553–1617)|Charles Cavendish]], who wanted to build a new castle on the site.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Bolsover Castle|last=Worsley|first=Lucy|publisher=English Heritage|year=2001|isbn=1-85074-762-8|location=London|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bolsovercastle0000wors/page/2 2–3]|url=https://archive.org/details/bolsovercastle0000wors/page/2}}</ref> Working with the famous builder and designer [[Robert Smythson]], Cavendish's castle was designed for elegant living rather than defence, and was unfinished at the time of the two men's deaths, in 1614 and 1617 respectively.<ref>{{cite book |first=George |last=Hall |title=The history of Chesterfield; with particulars of the hamlets contiguous to the town, and descriptive accounts of Chatsworth, Hardwick, and Bolsover Castle |date=1839 |pages=470–471}}</ref> Accounts survive for building the early stages of the "Little Castle." Unusually for this period female labour was recorded, and the women's names or husbands' names are given.<ref>{{cite book |first=Mark |last=Girouard |title=Robert Smythson & the Elizabethan Country House |location=London |date=1983 |page=234}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first1=Douglas |last1=Knoop |first2=Gwilyn Peredur |last2=Jones |url=https://archive.org/details/bolsovercastlebu00knoo |title=The Bolsover Castle Building Account, 1613 |journal=Ars Quatuor Coronatorum |volume=49 |issue=1 |location=London |date=1936 |pages=15–6}}</ref>

The building of the castle was continued by Cavendish's two sons, [[William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne|William]] and John, who were influenced by the Italian-inspired work of the architect [[Inigo Jones]].<ref name=":0" /> The tower, known today as the 'Little Castle', was completed around 1621.<ref name="Fry">{{harvnb|Fry|1980}}</ref> A masque ''[[Love's Welcome at Bolsover]]'' by [[Ben Jonson]] was performed on 30 July 1634 during a royal visit.<ref>David Lindley, ''Court Masques: Jacobean and Caroline Entertainments'' (Oxford University Press, The World's Classics, 1995), pp. xvii, 194–199, 267–269.</ref> Construction was interrupted by the [[English Civil War|Civil Wars]] of 1642 to 1651, during which the castle was taken by the [[Roundhead|Parliamentarians]], who [[slighted]] it, when it fell into a ruinous state.

William Cavendish, who was created Marquess of Newcastle in 1643 and [[Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne]] in 1665, added a new hall and staterooms to the Terrace Range, and by the time of his death in 1676 the castle had been restored to good order.<ref name="Fry" /> The main usage of the building extended over twenty years, and it is presumed that the family lived at the castle towards the end of that period.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Bolsover: castle, town and colliery|last=Riden|first=Philip|publisher=Phillimore & Co. Ltd|year=2008|isbn=978-1-86077-484-3|location=London|pages=74}}</ref> It then passed through [[Margaret Bentinck, Duchess of Portland]] into the [[Bentinck family]], and ultimately became one of the seats of the [[Earl of Portland|Earls and Dukes of Portland]]. After 1883, the castle was uninhabited, and in 1945 it was given to the nation by the [[William Cavendish-Bentinck, 7th Duke of Portland]]. The [[Ministry of Works (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Works]] stabilized the buildings and began opening portions to visitations by the public.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/bolsover-castle/ |title=Bolsover Castle |work=English Heritage |access-date=7 September 2022 |quote=}}</ref> The castle is now in the care of [[English Heritage]] and operated as a tourist attraction.<ref name="Fry" />

In October 2007 the television paranormal investigation show ''[[Most Haunted Live!]]'' visited the castle as part of their Halloween events on Living TV,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.higgypop.com/most-haunted/live/ |title=Most Haunted Live! Episodes & Locations |publisher=Project Weird |website=HiggyPopp |accessdate=22 October 2022}}</ref> and in 2017 the site was voted the most haunted site by [[English Heritage]] staff.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.itv.com/news/calendar/2017-10-17/ghostly-boy-seen-by-staff-at-spookiest-english-heritage-site/ |title=Ghostly boy seen by staff at 'spookiest' English Heritage site |publisher=ITV |date=17 October 2017 |access-date=15 February 2018}}</ref> ''[[Antiques Roadshow]]'' was held at the castle in July 2015.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.chad.co.uk/news/thousands-flock-to-bbc-antiques-roadshow-filming-at-bolsover-castle-1-7351540 |title=Thousands flock to BBC Antiques Roadshow filming at Bolsover Castle |first=Matthew |last=Smith |date=9 July 2015 |newspaper=Mansfield and Ashfield Chad |publisher=JPIMedia Publishing Ltd |access-date=20 September 2019}}</ref>

Bolsover Castle is a [[Scheduled Ancient Monument]],<ref name="NHLE1012496" /><ref>{{citation |title=Bolsover Castle |url=http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=316209 |work=Pastscape |publisher=[[Historic England]] |access-date=17 April 2012}}</ref> a "nationally important" historic building and [[archaeological site]] which has been given protection against unauthorised change.<ref>{{citation |title=Scheduled Monuments |url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/caring/listing/scheduled-monuments/ |work=Pastscape |publisher=[[Historic England]] |access-date=17 April 2012}}</ref> It is also a Grade&nbsp;I [[listed building]] (first listed in 1985)<ref name="NHLE1108976" /><ref>{{citation |url=http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1108976&resourceID=5 |title=Bolsover Castle |publisher=Heritage Gateway |access-date=17 April 2012}}</ref> and recognised as an internationally important structure.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Faqs/default.aspx?topic=4#25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071111223206/http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Faqs/default.aspx?topic=4#25 |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 November 2007 |title=Frequently asked questions |work=[[Images of England]] |publisher=[[Historic England]] |access-date=17 April 2012}}</ref>