Editing Bohemia (section)

==Etymology==
{{see also|Name of the Czech Republic}}
In the second century BC, the [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] competed for dominance in [[northern Italy]] with various peoples, including the [[Gauls]]-Celtic tribe [[Boii]]. The Romans defeated the Boii at the [[Battle of Placentia (194 BC)]] and the [[Battle of Mutina (193 BC)]]. Afterward, many of the Boii retreated north across the Alps.<ref name="Collis, John 2003">Collis, John. ''The Celts: Origins, Myth, and Inventions''. Tempus Publishing, 2003. {{ISBN|0-7524-2913-2}}</ref> Much later Roman authors refer to the area they had once occupied (the "desert of the Boii", as [[Pliny the Elder|Pliny]] and [[Strabo]] called it<ref>Pliny 3.146 and Strabo [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0239:book=7:chapter=1&highlight=boii 7.1 290 and 292] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225022444/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0239:book=7:chapter=1&highlight=boii |date=25 February 2021 }}, but also see [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0239:book=7:chapter=2&highlight=boii 7.2 293] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224215103/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0239:book=7:chapter=2&highlight=boii |date=24 February 2021 }}</ref>) as ''Boiohaemum''. The earliest mention<ref name="Collis, John 2003"/> is in [[Tacitus]]' ''[[Germania (book)|Germania]]'' 28 (written at the end of the first century AD),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/tacitus/tac.ger.shtml#28 |title=Tacitus: Germania |publisher=Thelatinlibrary.com |access-date=2013-11-19 |archive-date=18 April 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030418012844/http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/tacitus/tac.ger.shtml#28 |url-status=live }}</ref> and later mentions of the same name are in Strabo and [[Velleius Paterculus]].<ref>{{citation|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pTA3BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA18|title=The Baiuvarii and Thuringi: An ethnographic Perspective|chapter=The Boii, Bavaria and Bohemia|last=Green|first=Dennis|page=18|isbn=9781843839156|year=2014|publisher=Boydell & Brewer|access-date=13 September 2020|archive-date=3 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003133500/https://books.google.com/books?id=pTA3BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA18#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> The name appears to consist of the tribal name ''Boio-'' plus the [[Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]] noun *''haimaz'' "home" (whence Gothic ''haims'', German ''Heim'', ''Heimat'', English ''home''), indicating a Proto-Germanic ''*Bajahaimaz''.

''Boiohaemum'' was apparently isolated to the area where King [[Marobod]]'s kingdom was centered, within the [[Hercynian forest]]. Byzantine Emperor [[Constantine VII]] in his 10th-century work {{Lang|la|[[De Administrando Imperio]]}} also mentioned the region as ''Boiki'' (see [[White Serbia]]).<ref name="Hrushevsky1997">{{cite book |author=Mykhailo Hrushevsky |author-link=Mykhailo Hrushevsky |editor=Andrzej Poppe |editor2=Frank E. Sysyn |editor3=Uliana M. Pasiczny |translator=Marta Skorupsky |title=History of Ukraine-Rus'. Volume 1: From Prehistory to the Eleventh Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L_ENAQAAMAAJ |year=1997 |orig-year=1898 |publisher=Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press |isbn=978-1-895571-19-6 |pages=161–162 |quote=The second detail in Constantine's account, which supposedly points to the eastern Carpathians, is his reference to a 'place called Boiki (Boiki)' on the border with the White Serbs; for a long time this was considered – and some consider it still – to be a reference to the Ukrainian Boikos. That is very unlikely, however, because the location is too far east for the Serbs, nor has any indication been found that the name of the Boikos was ever in such wide usage. So all we are left with to suggest the existence of a Rus' Croatia in the Carpathians is the Primary Chronicle ... Published by H. Jireiek, the Karten zur Geschichte (1897) also show the 'Boiki' on the Dnister (map 4). It is more likely that Boiki is a distorted variant of the name Boiohem, or Bohemia, as most scholars now believe... |access-date=19 June 2019 |archive-date=3 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003133502/https://books.google.com/books?id=L_ENAQAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Moravcsik1949">{{cite book|editor=Gyula Moravcsik|title=De administrando imperio|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X3kJAQAAIAAJ|year=1949|publisher=Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemi Görög Filoĺ́ogiai Intézet|pages=130–131|quote=...should be modern Saxony, where remnants of Serbs (Sorbs) are still living. The name 'Boiki' has been much disputed over by specialists ... has proved that the 'place called Boiki' can only be Bohemia. Grégoire (L'Origine, 98) rejects Skok's proposal to read 'Boioi', and suggests 'Boimi'. C.'s account contains one serious inexactitude: namely, the statement that the Serbs lived 'in a place called by them Boiki'. Although we have documentary proof of the existence of Croats in Bohemia, we have none to suggest that Serbs lived there. Bohemia was in fact another neighbor of White Serbia|access-date=19 June 2019|archive-date=3 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003133503/https://books.google.com/books?id=X3kJAQAAIAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Stratos1968">{{cite book|author=Andreas Nikolaou Stratos|author-link=Andreas Stratos|title=Byzantium in the seventh century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y4MJAQAAIAAJ|year=1968|publisher=Adolf M. Hakkert|page=326|isbn=9789025607487|quote=These, he says, descended from the unbaptized Serbs who were also called "white" and lived in a place called by them "Boiki" (Bohemia)...|access-date=19 June 2019|archive-date=3 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003133503/https://books.google.com/books?id=y4MJAQAAIAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Acta archaeologica Carpathica|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IhQQAQAAMAAJ|year=1999|publisher=Państwowe Wydawn. Naukowe|page=163|quote=Wielu spośród nich osiedlili królowie węgierscy u zachodnich granic swego królestwa; morze Ciemne = Bałtyk; Boiki = Bohemia, czyli Czechy...|access-date=19 June 2019|archive-date=3 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003133607/https://books.google.com/books?id=IhQQAQAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Slavia antiqua|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y7FmAAAAMAAJ|volume=44|year=2003|publisher=[[Poznań Society of Friends of Learning]]|page=13|quote=Serbów balkañskich znajdowala siç w kraju zwanym u nich Boiki (Bohemia=Czechy)...|access-date=19 June 2019|archive-date=3 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003133506/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y7FmAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Czech name "Čechy" is derived from the name of the [[Slavs|Slavic]] [[ethnic group]], the [[Czechs]], who settled in the area during the sixth or seventh century AD.