Editing Bohdan Khmelnytsky (section)

==Early life==
{{Infobox noble|type
| name                 = 
|title=Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host| CoA                  = [[File:Chmelnitskyi (Alex K).svg|140px]]
|tenure=|predecessor=|successor=| more                 = no
| noble family         = [[Khmelnytsky family]]
| house-type           = 
}}
[[File:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1635.svg|thumb|240px|[[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] during the reign of [[Władysław IV Vasa|Władysław IV]], c. 1635]]
Although there is no definite proof of the date of Khmelnytsky's birth, Ukrainian-born historian [[Mykhailo Maksymovych]] suggests that it is likely 27 December 1595 Julian ([[St. Theodore (died 820)|St. Theodore]]'s<ref>"Житие и страдание святого преподобномученика и исповедника Феодора и брата его преподобного Феофана1 начертанных" [https://web.archive.org/web/20071219202936/http://www.pravoslavie.uz/Jitiya/12/27FeodorNachertanniy.htm pravoslavie.uz] and [http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=736 catholic.org]</ref> day). As was the custom in the [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Church]], he was baptized with one of his middle names, [[Theodore (given name)|Theodore]], translated into Ukrainian as [[Bogdan|Bohdan]]. A biography of Khmelnytsky by Smoliy and Stepankov, however, suggests that it is more likely he was born on 9 November (feast day of St Zenoby,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://monar.ru/index.php?download/saints/Oct/30/life01.html|script-title=ru:Страдание святого священномученика Зиновия епископа Эгейского, и сестры его Зиновии|trans-title=The suffering of the Holy Martyr St. Zinovy the Bishop of the Aegean, and his sister Zenova|language=ru|publisher=monar.ru|access-date=10 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406134427/http://monar.ru/index.php?download%2Fsaints%2FOct%2F30%2Flife01.html|archive-date=6 April 2016}}</ref> 30 October in [[Julian calendar]]) and was baptized on 11 November (feast day of St. Theodore in the Catholic Church).<ref>Смолій В.А., Степанков В.С. "Богдан Хмельницький", Альтернативи, {{ISBN|966-7217-76-0}}, 2003</ref> In the work of [[Paul of Aleppo]], "the Travels of Macarius: Patriarch of Antioch", Khmelnytsky is called as the Khatman Zenobius Akhmil.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/travelsmacarius01pauluoft/page/n106/mode/1up?q=Khatman+Zenobius+Akhmil The travels of Macarius : Patriarch of Antioch]. (English translation by F.C. Belfour and A.M. Oxon)</ref>

Khmelnytsky was probably born in the village of [[Subotiv]], near [[Chyhyryn]] in the [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland]] at the estate of his father [[Mykhailo Khmelnytsky]].<ref>While Subotiv or Chyhyryn are most commonly identified as alternative places for his birth, historian [[Stanisław Barącz]] believes that he was born in [[Zhovkva]] (''Żółkiew'').</ref> He was born into Ukrainian lesser nobility.<ref name="Bohdan Khmelnytsky Article">{{Cite web |title=Khmelnytsky, Bohdan |url=https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CK%5CH%5CKhmelnytskyBohdan.htm |website=www.encyclopediaofukraine.com}}</ref> His father was a [[courtier]] of [[Great Crown Hetman]] [[Stanisław Żółkiewski]], but later joined the court of his son-in-law [[Jan Daniłowicz]], who in 1597 became [[starosta]] of Korsuń and Chyhyryn and appointed [[Mykhailo]] as his deputy in Chyhyryn ([[pidstarosta]]). For his service, he was granted a strip of land near the town, where Mykhailo set up a [[khutor]] Subotiv.

There has been controversy as to whether Bohdan and his father belonged to the [[Szlachta]] (Polish term for noblemen).<ref>Whether Khmelnytsky was or was not a noble is still uncertain. He claimed nobility when it suited him, and it was not often disputed by his contemporaries. Khmelnytsky/Chmielnicki once wrote in a letter to King [[Jan Kazimierz]] that he was "born Chmielnicki;" however, that surname was never associated with the [[Abdank coat of arms]] hesed. His father, a noble, was married to a [[Cossack]] woman and, according to the [[Polish Statute of 1505]], his mother's status might have prevented Bohdan from being considered a nobleman. Other historians' theories suggest that his father or grandfather was stripped of noble status. Most controversially, 19th-century Polish-Russian historian [[Tomasz Padura]] claimed (allegedly citing letter of [[Vasily Borisovich Sheremetev]] to tzar [[Alexis of Russia|Alexis]]) that Khmelnytsky's father was butcher's son and a Jewish convert to [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]] (and therefore not of the nobility).</ref> Some sources state that in 1590 his father Mykhailo was appointed as a [[sotnyk]] for the Korsun-Chyhyryn starosta [[Jan Mikołaj Daniłowicz|Jan Daniłowicz]], who continued to colonize the new Ukrainian lands near the [[Dnieper]] river.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-07-27|title=Краєвид :: Богдан Зиновий Хмельницкий [Львов]|url=http://kraevid.org/lviv/history/personalities/hetmans/bohdan_khmelnytsky/ru/|access-date=2020-08-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727000659/http://kraevid.org/lviv/history/personalities/hetmans/bohdan_khmelnytsky/ru/|archive-date=27 July 2011}}</ref>

Khmelnytsky attended a [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] college, possibly in [[Jarosław]], but more likely in [[Lviv]] in the school founded by hetman Żółkiewski. He completed his schooling by 1617, acquiring a broad knowledge of world history and learning Polish and Latin. Later he learned Turkish, [[Crimean Tatar language|Tatar]], and French. Unlike many of the other Jesuit students, he did not embrace Roman Catholicism but remained Orthodox.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}}

===Marriage and family===
Khmelnytsky married Hanna Somkivna, a sister of a rich [[Pereyaslav]] Cossack; the couple settled in [[Subotiv]]. By the second half of the 1620s, they had three daughters: Stepanyda, Olena, and Kateryna. His first son [[Tymofiy Khmelnytsky|Tymish (Tymofiy)]] was born in 1632, and another son [[Yuriy Khmelnytsky|Yuriy]] was born in 1640.