Editing Bluethroat (section)

==Taxonomy==
The bluethroat was [[Species description|formally described]] in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist [[Carl Linnaeus]] in the [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|tenth edition]] of his ''[[Systema Naturae]]'' under the [[binomial nomenclature|binomial name]] ''Motacilla svecica''.<ref>{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1758 | title= Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | volume=1 | edition=10th | page=187 | publisher=Laurentii Salvii | location=Holmiae (Stockholm) | language=Latin | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727096 }}</ref> Linnaeus specified the [[type locality (biology)|type locality]] as "''Europae alpinis''" (Alpine Europe) but this was restricted to Sweden and Lapland by German ornithologist [[Ernst Hartert]] in 1910.<ref>{{ cite book | editor1-last=Mayr | editor1-first=Ernst | editor1-link=Ernst Mayr | editor2-last=Paynter | editor2-first=Raymond A. Jr | year=1964 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=10 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology  | location=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=42 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14486231 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | last=Hartert | first=Ernst | author-link=Ernst Hartert | year=1910 | title=Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna | volume=1 | language=German | location=Berlin | publisher=R. Friedländer und Sohn | page=745 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14030562 }} Published in sections. For the dates see: {{ cite book | last1=Dickinson | first1=E.C. | author1-link=Edward C. Dickinson | last2=Overstreet | first2=L.K. | last3=Dowsett | first3=R.J. | last4=Bruce | first4=M.D. | year=2011 | title=Priority! The Dating of Scientific Names in Ornithology: a Directory to the literature and its reviewers | location=Northampton, UK | publisher=Aves Press | isbn=978-0-9568611-1-5 | pages=106-107 | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267763194 | ref=none }}</ref> The specific epithet ''svecica'' is [[Modern Latin]] meaning "Swedish".<ref>{{ cite web | last=Jobling | first=James A. | title=svecica | work=The Key to Scientific Names | url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/key-to-scientific-names/search?q=svecica | publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology | access-date=23 February 2025 }}</ref> The bluethroat is now one of four species placed in the [[genus]] ''[[Luscinia]]'' that was introduced in 1817 by the English naturalist [[Thomas Ignatius Maria Forster|Thomas Forster]].<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela C. Rasmussen | date=August 2024 | title=Chats, Old World flycatchers | work=IOC World Bird List Version 14.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/chats/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=23 February 2025}}</ref>

===Subspecies===
[[File:Luscinia svecica distribution.png|thumb|Breeding distribution of the bluethroat subspecies]]
Eleven subspecies are currently accepted by IOC,<ref name=ioc/> but only seven by Shirihai.<ref name="Shirihai">{{cite book | last=Shirihai | first=Hadoram | last2=Svensson | first2=Lars | title=Handbook of Western Palearctic Birds. volume 1: Passerines: Larks to Warblers | publisher=Helm | publication-place=London Oxford New York New Delhi Sydney | date=2019 | isbn=978-1-4729-3757-5 | page=243–247}}</ref> They differ in the extent and intensity of the blue on the throat in the males, whether the blue contains a central spot or not, and if it does, the colour of the spot; they also differ significantly in their breeding habitat and ecology.<ref name="Shirihai"/><ref name="Collins">{{cite book | last=Svensson | first=Lars | last2=Mullarney | first2=Killian | last3=Zetterstroem | first3=Dan | title=Collins Bird Guide | publisher=William Collins | date=2023-03-16 | isbn=978-0-00-854746-2 | page=}}</ref>
*''L. s. svecica'' <small>([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758)</small> ('''red-spotted bluethroat''') – breeds in subarctic shrub tundra from Scandinavia east to western Alaska, winters in southern Asia in India, Pakistan, Middle East. Throat blue with a ''red'' spot.
*''L. s. namnetum'' <small>[[Noël Mayaud|Mayaud]], 1934</small> – breeds in lowland reedbeds in western France, winters SW Europe and NW Africa. Small, and short-winged; plumage as ''L. s. cyanecula''.
*''L. s. cyanecula'' <small>(Meisner, 1804)</small> ('''white-spotted bluethroat''') – breeds in lowland reedbeds in central Europe from northern and eastern France northeast to the Baltic States, and southeast to Ukraine, winters in Africa. Throat blue with a ''white'' spot.
*''L. s. azuricollis'' <small>([[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque|Rafinesque]], 1814)</small> – breeds northern Spain. Throat blue with ''no'' spot or only a ''small white'' spot.
*''L. s. volgae'' <small>([[Otto Kleinschmidt|Kleinschmidt]], 1907)</small> – breeds in lowland western Russia, winters in NE Africa and the Middle East. Intermediate between ''L. s. svecica'', ''L. s. pallidogularis'', and ''L. s. cyanecula'', but usually with a red spot. Treated by Shirihai as a synonym of ''L. s. svecica''.<ref name="Shirihai"/>
*''L. s. magna'' <small>([[Nikolai Alekseyvich Zarudny|Zarudny]] & [[Harald von Loudon|Loudon]], 1904)</small> (syn. ''L. s. luristanica'' <small>Ripley, 1952</small><ref name="Shirihai"/>) – breeds in mountains in eastern Turkey, the Caucasus, and northern Iran, winters in NE Africa and the Middle East. Throat blue with ''no'' spot, and no black band between the blue and the broad red band. The largest subspecies, also with a stronger bill.
*''L. s. pallidogularis'' <small>(Zarudny, 1897)</small> – breeds in lowland southeastern Russia and northern Kazakhstan east to the Tien Shan, winters in southern Asia. Much as ''L. s. svecica'' but blue slightly paler, and red spot often slightly paler rufous.
*''L. s. abbotti'' <small>([[Charles Wallace Richmond|Richmond]], 1896)</small> – breeds Afghanistan to NW Himalaya, winters NW India. Dark, blue throat with a small red (or occasionally white) spot; bill long and slender.
*''L. s. saturatior'' <small>([[Petr Sushkin|Sushkin]], 1925)</small> – breeds southern Siberia, northern Mongolia. Similar to ''L. s. svecica'', and treated by Shirihai as a synonym of it.<ref name="Shirihai"/>
*''L. s. kobdensis'' <small>([[Arkady Tugarinov|Tugarinov]], 1929)</small> – breeds western Mongolia, western China. Similar to ''L. s. pallidogularis'', and treated by Shirihai as a synonym of it.<ref name="Shirihai"/>
*''L. s. przevalskii'' <small>(Tugarinov, 1929)</small> – breeds central China. Similar to ''L. s. pallidogularis'', and treated by Shirihai as a synonym of it.<ref name="Shirihai"/>