Editing Blast beat (section)

==History==

=== Antecedents in jazz and rock ===
Although most commonly associated with hardcore punk and extreme metal, the earliest forms of what would later become the blast beat are noted to have appeared in [[Jazz|jazz music]]. A commonly cited early example that somewhat resembles the modern technique is a brief section of [[Sam Woodyard]]'s drum solo during a 1962 rendition of "Kinda Dukish" with the [[Duke Ellington]] orchestra.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Duke Ellington and His Orchestra - Kinda Dukish (Goodyear 1962) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=152&v=MuqytHLbULo |website=[[YouTube]] |publisher=[[Storyville Records]]}}</ref> A clip of the performance under the title "The first blast beat in the world" garnered almost one million views on [[YouTube]]. Woodyard's example, however, lacks the modern inclusion of kick drum and cymbal work into the beat. Another early instance can be heard in [[Sunny Murray]]'s 1966 or '67 performance on a live recording "Holy Ghost" with saxophonist [[Albert Ayler]], although this did not receive an official release until the 1998 reissue of ''[[Albert Ayler in Greenwich Village]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Albert Ayler – Live In Greenwich Village - The Complete Impulse Recordings |url=https://www.discogs.com/release/943463-Albert-Ayler-Live-In-Greenwich-Village-The-Complete-Impulse-Recordings |website=[[Discogs]]}}</ref> Prior to these two examples resurfacing and receiving the attention in the 2010s, [[AllMusic]] contributor Thom Jurek credited [[Tony Williams (drummer)|Tony Williams]] as the "true inventor of the blastbeat" for his frenetic performance on "Dark Prince" for [[Trio of Doom]] in 1979, officially released only in 2007.<ref>[{{Allmusic|class=album|id=r1074486/review|pure_url=yes}} Review of ''The Trio of Doom Live''] by Thom Jurek, [[AllMusic]]. "On 'Dark Prince' and elsewhere, it's obvious that Williams is the true inventor of the blastbeat, not some generic heavy metal drummer."</ref> 

Some early antecedents of blast beats have also been identified in rock music. An early example of a proto-blast beat can be found in the [[Tielman Brothers]]' 1959 single, "Rock Little Baby of Mine" during the instrumental break.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blake |first=Henry |date=2024-03-07 |title=Rollin’ Rock: Balinese Culture, the Tielman Brothers, and the Birth of Punk |url=https://medium.com/@henryblake_48596/rollin-rock-balinese-culture-the-tielman-brothers-and-the-birth-of-punk-f846e1b159ba |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref> Drummer Steve Ross of the band [[Coven (band)|Coven]] also plays an "attempt" at a blast beat in the track "Dignitaries of Hell" off the group's 1969 album, ''[[Witchcraft Destroys Minds & Reaps Souls]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cory |first=Ian |title=Live Report: Northwest Terror Fest (Days 2 & 3) |url=https://www.invisibleoranges.com/live-report-northwest-terror-fest-days-2-3/ |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=Invisible Oranges - The Metal Blog |language=en-US}}</ref>

Four early examples of blast beats were performed in 1970: [[King Crimson]]'s "The Devil's Triangle" off their sophomore release ''[[In the Wake of Poseidon]]'' includes proto-blastbeats in the later half of the song; Mike Fouracre of [[Marsupilami (band)|Marsupilami]] performs many blast beats throughout their self-titled album, most notably on "And the Eagle Chased the Dove to Its Ruin"; [[Emerson, Lake & Palmer]]'s track "The Barbarian" contains a very brief blast beat in the outro;<ref>{{Cite web |date=1970 |title=Emerson, Lake & Palmer - The Barbarian (Official Audio) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=251&v=rgTtqvYyUKk |website=[[YouTube]] |publisher=[[Emerson, Lake & Palmer]]}}</ref> [[Bill Ward (musician)|Bill Ward]], drummer of pioneering heavy metal band [[Black Sabbath]], played a few blast beats on a live performance of their song "War Pigs" (e.g. at timestamps 3:52 and 6:38).<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 December 1970 |title=BLACK SABBATH - "War Pigs" (Live Video) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K3b6SGoN6dA |website=[[YouTube]] |publisher=[[Black Sabbath]]}}</ref>

=== Modern hardcore and metal blast beats ===
The blast beat as it is known today originated in the hardcore punk and grindcore scenes of the 1980s. Contrary to popular belief, blast beats originated from punk and hardcore music, not metal music.<ref name="Evolution22">{{cite book |last=Roddy |first=Derek |author-link=Derek Roddy |title=The Evolution of Blast Beats |year=2007 |isbn=978-1423460169 |page=22}} [https://hudsonmusic.com/product/the-evolution-of-blast-beats/] DVD: ASIN: B002UD475Y. [http://www.axispercussion.com/2009/10/07/dvd-by-derek-roddy-blast-beats-evolved/]</ref> In the UK punk and hardcore scene of the early 1980s there were many bands attempting to play as fast as possible. English band [[Napalm Death]] coined the term "blast beat",<ref name=greenway>Strub, Whitney. [http://www.popmatters.com/music/interviews/napalm-death-060511.shtml "Behind the Key Club: An Interview with Mark 'Barney' Greenway of Napalm Death"]. ''PopMatters'', 11 May 2006. Accessed on 17 September 2008.</ref> although this style of drumming had previously been practiced by others. Daniel Ekeroth argues that the [hardcore] blast beat was first performed by the Swedish group Asocial on their 1982 demo.<ref>Ekeroth, Daniel (2008). ''Swedish Death Metal'', p. 22. Bazillion Points Books. {{ISBN|9780979616310}}.</ref> [[Dirty Rotten Imbeciles|D.R.I.]] (1983, "[[Dirty Rotten LP|No Sense]]"),<ref name="macgregor" /> [[Beastie Boys]] (1982, track 5, "[[Polly Wog Stew|Riot Fight]]"), [[Sepultura]] (1985, track 11, "[[Bestial Devastation|Antichrist]]"), [[Stormtroopers of Death|S.O.D.]] (1985, track 11, "[[Speak English or Die|Milk]]"), [[Sarcófago]] (1986, track 10, "[[I.N.R.I. (Sarcófago album)|Satanas]]"), and [[Repulsion (band)|Repulsion]]<ref name="repulsion">Matthew Widener, "Scared to Death: The Making of Repulsion's ''Horrified''", ''Decibel'' no. 46, August 2008, p. 63-69.</ref> also included the technique prior to Napalm Death's emergence. [[Rockdetector]] contributor Garry Sharpe-Young credits D.R.I.'s Eric Brecht as the first on their 1983 debut but credits Napalm Death with making it better known.<ref>Sharpe-Young, Garry (2007). ''Metal: The Definitive Guide'', p.436 (and 162). Jawbone. {{ISBN|9781906002015}}. "The concept of this deadly device, a 200bpm-plus [[staccato]] barrage of kick and snare-drum."</ref> 

In 1985, Napalm Death, then an emerging grindcore band, replaced their former drummer Miles "Rat" Ratledge with [[Mick Harris]], who brought to the band a whole new level of speed. Harris is credited with developing the term "blast beat", describing the fast notes played on the kick and snare.<ref name="Mudrian">{{cite book|last=Mudrian|first=Albert|title=Choosing Death - The Improbable History of Death Metal & Grindcore|year=2004|publisher=Feral House|location=Los Angeles, CA |isbn=1-932595-04-X|pages=30–37}}</ref> Harris started using the blast beat as a fundamental aspect of Napalm Death's early musical compositions. It was finally with Napalm Death's first full-length album ''[[Scum (Napalm Death album)|Scum]]'' (1987) that blast beat started to evolve into a distinct musical expression of its own. Blast beats became popular in extreme music from the mid to late 1980s .<ref name="Evolution10">{{cite book|last=Roddy|title=The Evolution of Blast Beats|year=2007|isbn=978-1423460169|page=10}}</ref> The blast beat evolved into its modern form as it was developed in the American death metal and grindcore scene of the late 1980s and early 1990s. [[Pete Sandoval]], drummer of [[Terrorizer]] (1986–1989) and later [[Morbid Angel]] (1984–2013), purportedly was the first to use blast beats in metronomic time (and not as arhythmic or non-metric white noise) and thus gave it a more useful musical characteristic for timekeeping.<ref name="Evolution10" />

Blast beats eventually appeared in commercially successful metal music, beginning with [[Fear Factory]]'s album ''[[Demanufacture (album)|Demanufacture]]'' (1995) and [[Slipknot (band)|Slipknot]]'s album ''[[Iowa (album)|Iowa]]'' (2001).<ref>Ellis, Graham, "Decade of Horror," ''Terrorizer'' issue 184, June 2009, p. 25.</ref>