Editing Bingley (section)

==History==
In 1775, a farmer near Bingley discovered a chest of silver coins, of which some dated to the rule of [[Julius Caesar]], on his land.<ref>{{cite book|access-date=16 September 2023|year=1862|first=John|last=Mayhall|publisher=Joseph Johnson|location=Leeds |title=The Annals of Yorkshire, from the earliest period to the present time|url=http://archive.org/details/annalsofyorkshir00mayh|via=The Library of Congress}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>

===Founding===
Bingley was likely founded by the [[Saxon people|Saxons]], by a ford on the [[River Aire]]. This crossing gave access to [[Harden, West Yorkshire|Harden]], [[Cullingworth]] and [[Wilsden]] on the southern side of the river.
[[File:1086-Bingley-detail.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Bingley's entry in the Domesday Book, 1086AD]]

The origins of the name are from the [[Old English]] personal name ''Bynna'' + ''ingas'' ("descendants of") + ''lēah'' ("clearing in a forest"). Altogether, this would mean the "wood or clearing of the Bynningas, the people called after Bynna".<ref>Victor Watts, ''The Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), s.v.</ref>

===Normans===
In the [[Domesday Book]] of 1086, Bingley is listed as "Bingheleia":

<blockquote>''m In Bingheleia hb. Gospatric iiij car' tra e' ad gld. tra ad ii car' Ernegis de burun h't. & Wast' e'. T.R.E. val, iiij lib'. Silva past' ii leu' lg' & i lat'. Tot' m' e iiij leu' lg' & ii lat'''<ref>{{OpenDomesday|OS=SE1039 |name=Bingley |display=Bingheleia |accessdate= }}</ref></blockquote>

which roughly translated reads:

<blockquote>In Bingheleia, Gospatric has a manor of four carucate of land to be taxed, land for two ploughs.  Ernegis de Burun has it and it is waste. In the time of King Edward the Confessor it was valued at four pounds.  Woodland pasture two leagues long and one broad. All the manor is four long and two broad.</blockquote>

===Medieval===
The ford was superseded by [[Bingley Ireland Bridge|Ireland Bridge]]. Bingley was a [[Manorialism|manor]] which extended several miles up and down the Aire valley, extending upstream to Marley on the outskirts of [[Keighley]] and downstream to [[Cottingley, Bradford|Cottingley]]. Bingley became a [[market town]] with the grant of a Market Charter in 1212 by [[John of England|King John]].

According to the poll tax returns of 1379, Bingley had 130 households, and probably around 500 people.  The nearby towns of Bradford, Leeds and Halifax had about half this population. Therefore, at this time Bingley was the largest town in the area.

No records tell of how Bingley fared in the [[Black Death]] that swept Europe in the 14th century.  Approximately one third of all the people in Europe died of this plague, sometimes wiping out whole towns and villages. According to the 1379 Poll tax records, the nearby town of Boulton had no survivors worth taxing.

===Tudors===
In 1592, Bingley was shown on a map by Yorkshire map-maker [[Christopher Saxton]] as a single street with about 20 houses on each side.  The church sits at the west end of the street opposite a single large house, possibly a [[manor house]]. Since Bingley was a market town, the market stalls would have been set up on either side of the main street. One of the oldest buildings in Bingley is a [[coaching inn]], the [[Old White Horse Inn]], on the flatter north bank of the River Aire by Ireland Bridge.

===Industrial Revolution===
[[File:Bingley Five Rise Locks 1.JPG|thumb|right|Bingley Five Rise Locks.]]

Like many towns in the West Riding, Bingley prospered during the [[Industrial Revolution]]. The Bingley section of the [[Leeds and Liverpool Canal]] was completed in 1774, linking the town with [[Skipton]], and [[Bradford]] via the [[Bradford Canal]]. The canal passes through the town centre and ascends the side of the valley via the [[Bingley Five Rise Locks|Bingley Five Rise]] and [[Bingley Three Rise Locks]]. Several woollen and worsted mills were built and people migrated from the surrounding countryside to work in them. Many came from further afield such as Ireland in the wake of the [[Great Famine (Ireland)|Great Famine]]. A railway and line goods yard were constructed bringing further trade. The villages of [[Gilstead]] and [[Eldwick]] became [[conurbation|conurbated]] with Bingley. The Bingley Building Society was also founded in this period.

[[File:Damart buildings, Bingley.jpg|thumb|Damart buildings]]
[[File:Flats At Crosley Wood Road, Bingley (geograph 5967274).jpg|thumb|Crosley Wood high-rise flats; demolished in 2020]]

===Post-industrial===
Bingley Teacher Training College opened in 1911 with Helen Wodehouse as principal. The first intake of students was 102 women from in and around the then [[West Riding of Yorkshire]]. Before its closure in 1979, the college produced approximately 16,000 teachers.

The [[Beeching Axe]] demolished the goods yard, although the station still has trains to Leeds, Bradford, Skipton, [[Morecambe]] and [[Carlisle, Cumbria|Carlisle]]. The textile mills have largely been closed. The [[Damart]] mill still stands and trades in textiles. Since 1995 the tannery, Bingley Mill & Andertons, have been converted into flats. The most cramped and outdated [[terraced house|terraced housing]] was partly replaced with [[council house|council housing]], Bingley Arts Centre and the headquarters of the Bradford & Bingley Building Society. Further council housing was built up the hill towards Gilstead including three [[tower block]]s, which were later demolished in 2020. In the wake of [[Margaret Thatcher]]'s reforms of council housing much of the council estate was sold and a substantial portion has been knocked down and rebuilt as private housing. The Bingley Permanent Building Society merged with the Bradford Equitable Building Society to form the [[Bradford & Bingley|Bradford & Bingley Building Society]] in 1964. It was decided to site the [[Bradford and Bingley head office|corporate headquarters]] in Bingley. This brought several thousand jobs to the town, but the building itself did not meet with universal acclaim and was demolished in 2015. The Bradford and Bingley collapsed in the 2008 credit crunch.

=== Criminal ===
Bingley's most infamous son is [[Peter Sutcliffe]], the Yorkshire Ripper,<ref>{{cite web|title = The Yorkshire Ripper Story|url = http://www.yorkshireripper.com/the-story/|website = www.yorkshireripper.com|access-date = 15 October 2015}}</ref> who was convicted of the murders of 13 women and the attempted murder of seven others.

[[Mark Rowntree]], a [[spree killer]], started his murderous campaign in Bingley before moving on to [[Eastburn, West Yorkshire|Eastburn]] and [[Leeds]]. He was convicted in 1976 of four murders.<ref>{{cite web|title = Chilling threats of a killer...|url = http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/main-topics/local-stories/chilling-threats-of-a-killer-1-2533859|work = Yorkshire Post|access-date = 15 October 2015}}</ref>

In 1966, bookie Fred Craven was brutally murdered in his betting shop on Wellington Street, Bingley. Craven, who was well known in the area because of his short stature (he was 4&nbsp;ft 7in tall), had gone into his shop to collect papers despite there being no racing that day. It is believed that he had £200 in his wallet (£3,200.00 in 2015 prices)<ref>{{cite web|title = Historical UK Inflation And Price Conversion|url = http://safalra.com/other/historical-uk-inflation-price-conversion/|website = safalra.com|access-date = 15 October 2015}}</ref> which went missing. Mr Craven suffered extensive injuries at the hands of the killer. Because the local constabulary had a very narrow time frame for the murder, and the fact the killer must have been covered in blood, they anticipated a quick arrest. The Craven murder remains unsolved,<ref>{{cite web|title = Fred Craven – Bradford – 1966 – Fred Craven|url = http://www.unsolved-murders.co.uk/murder-content.php?key=827&termRef=Fred%2520Craven|website = www.unsolved-murders.co.uk|access-date = 15 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = 'Ripper shouldn't ever be released'|url = http://www.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/news/5048739.___Ripper_shouldn___t_ever_be_released___/|work= Bradford Telegraph and Argus|access-date = 15 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = BBC Inside Out – New claims of Yorkshire Ripper crimes|url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/insideout/yorkslincs/series2/yorkshire_ripper_peter_sutcliffe_murderer_serial_killer_crime.shtml|publisher= BBC|access-date = 15 October 2015}}</ref> but rumours that [[Peter Sutcliffe]], the [[Yorkshire Ripper]], was responsible for his murder resurfaced in 2017. [[ITV Calendar|ITV Calendar News]] asked Sutcliffe about Craven's death and also that of a taxi driver on Bingley Moor. In what was described as a "bizarre letter", Sutcliffe responded that he was not responsible for either crime to presenter [[Christine Talbot]].<ref>{{cite news|title='Yes I did some bad things but I did not murder any males': Yorkshire Ripper writes bizarre letter to TV presenter|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/08/22/yes-did-bad-things-did-not-murder-males-yorkshire-ripper-writes/|access-date=23 August 2017|work=The Telegraph|date=23 August 2017}}</ref>