Editing Binding energy (section)

==Types==
There are several types of binding energy, each operating over a different distance and energy scale. The smaller the size of a bound system, the higher its associated binding energy.

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
!Type
!Description
!Example
!Level
|- 
|Gravitational binding energy
|The [[gravitational binding energy]] of an object, such as a [[celestial body]], is the energy required to expand the material to infinity.
|If a body with the mass and radius of [[Earth]] were made purely of [[hydrogen-1]], then the gravitational binding energy of that body would be about 0.391658&nbsp;[[electronvolt|eV]] per atom. If a hydrogen-1 body had the mass and radius of the [[Sun]], its gravitational binding energy would be about 1,195.586&nbsp;eV per atom.
|[[Astrophysics|Astrophysical level]]
|-
|Bond energy; Bond-dissociation energy
|[[Bond energy]] and [[bond-dissociation energy]] are measures of the binding energy between the [[atom]]s in a [[chemical bond]]. It is the energy required to disassemble a [[molecule]] into its constituent atoms. This energy appears as [[chemical energy]], such as that released in [[chemical explosion]]s, the burning of chemical [[fuel]] and [[Biology|biological]] processes. Bond energies and bond-dissociation energies are typically in the range of a few eV per bond.
|The bond-dissociation energy of a [[carbon-carbon bond]] is about 3.6&nbsp;eV.
|[[Molecular physics|Molecular level]]
|-
|Electron binding energy; Ionization energy
|[[Electron binding energy]], more commonly known as [[ionization energy]],<ref>{{GoldBookRef|title=Ionization energy|file=I03199}}</ref> is a measure of the energy required to free an electron from its [[atomic orbital]] or from a solid. The electron binding energy derives from the [[electromagnetic interaction]] of the electron with the [[Atomic nucleus|nucleus]] and the other electrons of the [[atom]], molecule or solid and is mediated by [[photon]]s.
|Among the chemical elements, [[Ionization energies of the elements (data page)|the range of ionization energies]] is from 3.8939&nbsp;eV for the outermost electron in an atom of [[caesium]] to 11.567617&nbsp;keV for the innermost electron in an atom of [[copper]].
|[[Quantum chemistry|Atomic level]]
|-
|Atomic binding energy
|The ''atomic binding energy'' of the atom is the [[Ionization energy|energy]] required to disassemble an atom into free electrons and a nucleus.<ref name="nuclearpower">{{cite web|url=http://www.nuclear-power.net/nuclear-power/reactor-physics/atomic-nuclear-physics/binding-energy/|website=Nuclear Power|title=Binding Energy|access-date=16 May 2015}}</ref> It is the sum of the ionization energies of all the electrons belonging to a specific atom. The atomic binding energy derives from the [[electromagnetic interaction]] of the electrons with the nucleus, mediated by [[photon]]s.
|For an atom of [[helium]], with 2 electrons, the atomic binding energy is the sum of the energy of [[Ionization energies of the elements (data page)|first ionization]] (24.587&nbsp;eV) and the energy of [[Ionization energies of the elements (data page)|second ionization]] (54.418&nbsp;eV), for a total of 79.005&nbsp;eV.
|[[Quantum chemistry|Atomic level]]
|-
|Nuclear binding energy
|[[Nuclear binding energy]] is the energy required to disassemble a [[Atomic nucleus|nucleus]] into the free, unbound [[neutron]]s and [[proton]]s it is composed of. It is the energy equivalent of the [[mass defect]], the difference between the [[mass number]] of a nucleus and its measured mass.<ref>{{cite book|title=Nuclear Energy: Principles, Practices, and Prospects|last1=Bodansky|first1=David|date=2005|publisher=Springer Science + Business Media, LLC|isbn=9780387269313|edition=2nd|location=New York|page=625}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Introductory nuclear physics|url=https://archive.org/details/introductorynucl00wong_914|url-access=limited|last1=Wong|first1=Samuel S.M.|date=2004|publisher=[[Wiley-VCH]]|isbn=9783527617913|edition=2nd|location=Weinheim|pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductorynucl00wong_914/page/n23 9]&ndash;10}}</ref> Nuclear binding energy derives from the [[nuclear force]] or residual strong force, which is mediated by three types of [[meson]]s.
|The average nuclear binding energy per nucleon ranges from 1.11226&nbsp;MeV for [[hydrogen-2]] to 8.7945&nbsp;MeV for [[nickel-62]].
|[[Nuclear physics|Nuclear level]]
|-
|Quantum chromodynamics binding energy
|[[Quantum chromodynamics binding energy]] is misusing the denomination of a lack of energy. It addresses the mass and kinetic energy of the parts that bind the various [[quark]]s together inside a [[hadron]]. This energy derives from the [[strong interaction]], which is mediated by [[gluon]]s through virtual gluons and sea quarks.
|The chromodynamic binding energy inside a [[nucleon]] amounts to approximately 99% of the nucleon's mass.
The chromodynamic binding energy of a proton is about 928.9&nbsp;MeV, while that of a neutron is about 927.7&nbsp;MeV. Large binding energy between bottom quarks (280&nbsp;MeV) causes some (theoretically expected) reactions with [[lambda baryon]]s to [[Q value (nuclear science)|release]] 138&nbsp;MeV per event.<ref>Karliner, Marek, and Jonathan L. Rosner. "Quark-level analogue of nuclear fusion with doubly heavy baryons". Nature 551.7678 (2017): 89.</ref>
|[[Elementary particle|Elementary particle level]]
|}