Editing Bildungsroman (section)

==Origin==
The term was coined in 1819 by [[Philology|philologist]] [[Karl Morgenstern|Johann Karl Simon Morgenstern]] in his university lectures, and was later famously reprised by [[Wilhelm Dilthey]], who legitimized it in 1870 and popularized it in 1905.{{sfn|Engel|2008|pp=263–266}}{{sfn|Summerfield|Downward|2010|p=1}} The genre is further characterized by a number of formal, topical, and thematic features.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Iversen |first=Annikin Teines |year=2010 |title=Change and Continuity; The bildungsroman in English |publisher=University of Tromsø |type=PhD |via=Munin open research archive |hdl=10037/2486}}</ref> The term ''coming-of-age novel'' is sometimes used interchangeably with bildungsroman, but its use is usually wider and less technical.

The birth of the bildungsroman is normally dated to the publication of ''[[Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship]]'' by [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] in 1795–96,{{sfn|Jeffers|2005|p=49}} or, sometimes, to [[Christoph Martin Wieland]]'s {{Lang|de|Geschichte des Agathon}} of 1767.<ref name=" Swales, Martin 1978">Swales, Martin. ''The German Bildungsroman from Wieland to Hesse''. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978. 38.</ref> Although the bildungsroman arose in Germany, it has had extensive influence first in Europe and later throughout the world. [[Thomas Carlyle]]'s English translation of Goethe's novel (1824) and his own ''[[Sartor Resartus]]'' (1833–34), the first English bildungsroman, inspired many British novelists.<ref>Buckley, J. H. (1974). ''Season of Youth: The Bildungsroman from Dickens to Golding'', Harvard Univ Press, {{ISBN|978-0-67479-640-9}}.</ref><ref>Ellis, L. (1999). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=-bcdAjAyiCAC Appearing to Diminish: Female Development and the British Bildungsroman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426100655/https://books.google.com/books?id=-bcdAjAyiCAC |date=26 April 2023 }}, 1750–1850'', London: Bucknell University Press, {{ISBN|978-0-83875-411-5}}</ref><ref name="Golban">{{Cite journal |last=Golban |first=Petru |date=December 2013 |title=Tailoring the Bildungsroman within a Philosophical Treatise: Sartor Resartus and the Origins of the English Novel of Formation |url=https://www.academia.edu/16687090 |journal=Journal of Faculty of Letters |volume=30 |issue=2 |access-date=10 August 2022 |archive-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426100654/https://www.academia.edu/16687090 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the 20th century, it spread to <!-- Britain,<ref>Stein, M. "The Black British Bildungsroman and the Transformation of Britain: Connectedness across Difference" in Barbara Korte, Klaus Peter Müller, editors (1998), ''Unity in Diversity Revisited?: British Literature and Culture in the 1990s'', pp. 89–105, Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag, {{ISBN|382-3-35192-3}}.</ref> --> France<ref>Moretti, Franco, and Albert Sbragia (1987), ''[[iarchive:wayofworldbildun0000more|The Way of the World: the Bildungsroman in European Culture]]'', London: Verso, {{ISBN|978-0-86091-159-3}}.</ref><ref>Hirsch, Marianne. [http://www.columbia.edu/~mh2349/papers/Novel%20of%20Formation%20as%20Genre.pdf "The Novel of Formation as Genre: Between Great Expectations and Lost Illusions"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211130227/http://www.columbia.edu/~mh2349/papers/Novel%20of%20Formation%20as%20Genre.pdf |date=11 December 2014}}, ''Genre'' Vol. 12 (Fall 1979), pp. 293–311, University of Oklahoma.</ref> and several other countries around the globe.<ref>Slaughter, J. R. (2006). "Novel Subjects and Enabling Fictions: the Formal Articulation of International Human Rights Law", ''Human Rights, Inc.: The World Novel, Narrative Form, and International Law'', Ch. 2 (2007), New York: Fordham University Press, {{ISBN|978-0-82322-817-1}}; {{doi|10.5422/fordham/9780823228171.001.0001}}.</ref>

Barbara Whitman noted that the ''[[Iliad]]'' might be the first bildungsroman. It is not just "the story of the Trojan War. The Trojan War is in effect the backdrop for the story of [[Achilles]]' development. At the beginning Achilles is still a rash youth, making rash decisions which cost dearly to himself and all around him. (...) The story reaches its conclusion when Achilles has reached maturity and allows King Priam to recover Hector's body".<ref>Whitman, Barbara C. "The Iliad as a Bildungsroman". In ''Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Roundtable on Classical Greece'' (eds. Victor Kromberg and Amalia Stanton, pp. 71, 73.</ref>

The genre translates fairly directly into the cinematic form, the [[coming-of-age film]].