Editing Bernard Herrmann (section)

==Early life and career==
Herrmann was born in [[New York City]] as Maximillian Herman, the son of a [[Jewish]] middle-class family of Russian origin.<ref name="auto"/><ref>[https://vimeo.com/showcase/5492991/video/310864869] {{dead link|date=September 2021}}</ref> He was the son of Ida (Gorenstein)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/literature-and-arts/film-and-television-biographies/bernard-herrmann|title=Bernard Herrmann |website=Encyclopedia.com|access-date=5 May 2019}}</ref> and Abram Dardik, who was from [[Ukraine]] and had changed the family name. Herrmann attended [[DeWitt Clinton High School]], an all-boys public school at that time on 10th Avenue and 59th Street in New York City.<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.bernardherrmann.org/articles/phototour-newyork/3/ |title= Herrmann Photo Biography – New York City – The Bernard Herrmann Society |website=Bernardherrmann.org}}</ref> His father encouraged music activity, taking him to the opera, and encouraging him to learn the violin. After winning a composition prize at the age of thirteen, he decided to concentrate on music, and went to [[New York University]], where he studied with [[Percy Grainger]] and [[Philip James]]. He also studied at the [[Juilliard School]], and at the age of 20, formed his own orchestra, the New Chamber Orchestra of New York.{{sfn|Smith|2002}}

In 1934, he joined the [[CBS|Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)]] as a staff conductor. Within two years, he was appointed music director of the ''[[Columbia Workshop]]'', an experimental radio drama series for which Herrmann composed or arranged music (one notable program was ''[[The Fall of the City]]''). Within nine years, he had become chief conductor to the [[CBS Symphony Orchestra]]. He was responsible for introducing more new works to US audiences than any other conductor&nbsp;– he was a particular champion of [[Charles Ives]]' music, which was virtually unknown at that time. Herrmann's radio programs of concert music, which were broadcast under such titles as ''Invitation to Music'' and ''Exploring Music'', were planned in an unconventional way and featured rarely heard music, old and new, which was not heard in public concert halls. Examples include broadcasts devoted to music of famous amateurs or of notable royal personages, such as the music of [[Frederick the Great|Frederick the Great of Prussia]], [[Henry VIII]], [[Charles I of England]], [[Louis XIII]] and so on.

Herrmann's many US broadcast premieres during the 1940s included [[Nikolai Myaskovsky|Myaskovsky]]'s 22nd Symphony, [[Gian Francesco Malipiero]]'s 3rd Symphony, [[Richard Arnell]]'s 1st Symphony, [[Edmund Rubbra]]'s 3rd Symphony and Ives' [[Symphony No. 3 (Ives)|3rd Symphony]]. He performed the works of [[Hermann Goetz]], [[Alexander Gretchaninov]], [[Niels Gade]] and [[Franz Liszt]], and received many outstanding American musical awards and grants for his unusual programming and championship of little-known composers. In ''Dictators of the Baton'', David Ewen wrote that Herrmann was "one of the most invigorating influences in the radio music of the past decade."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Edward |title=Bernard Herrmann – A Biographical Sketch – The Bernard Herrmann Society |url=http://bernardherrmann.org/articles/biographical-sketch/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909053819/http://www.bernardherrmann.org/articles/biographical-sketch/ |archive-date=2024-09-09 |access-date=2024-06-20 |language=en-US}}</ref> Also during the 1940s, Herrmann's own concert music was taken up and played by such celebrated maestri as [[Leopold Stokowski]], Sir [[John Barbirolli]], Sir [[Thomas Beecham]] and [[Eugene Ormandy]].

In 1934, Herrmann met a young CBS secretary and aspiring writer [[Lucille Fletcher]]. Fletcher was impressed with Herrmann's work, and the two began a five-year courtship. Marriage was delayed by the objections of Fletcher's parents, who disliked the fact that Herrmann was a Jew and were put off by what they viewed as his abrasive personality. The couple finally married on October 2, 1939. They had two daughters: Dorothy (born 1941) and Wendy (born 1945).

Fletcher was to become a noted radio scriptwriter, and she and Herrmann collaborated on several projects throughout their career. He contributed the score to the famed 1941 radio presentation of Fletcher's original story ''[[The Hitch-Hiker (radio play)|The Hitch-Hiker]]'' on ''[[The Orson Welles Show (radio series)|The Orson Welles Show]]'', and Fletcher helped to write the libretto for [[Wuthering Heights (Herrmann)|his operatic adaptation]] of ''[[Wuthering Heights]]''. The couple divorced in 1948. The next year, he married Lucille's cousin Lucy (Kathy Lucille) Anderson. That marriage lasted until 1964.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musicacademyonline.com/composer/biographies.php?bid=107|title=Bernard Herrmann (1911-75)|work=musicacademyonline.com|access-date=2010-11-25|archive-date=2015-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017202443/http://www.musicacademyonline.com/composer/biographies.php?bid=107|url-status=dead}}</ref>