Editing Benign prostatic hyperplasia (section)

== Signs and symptoms ==
[[File:Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH).png|thumb|upright=1.36]]
BPH is the most common cause of [[lower urinary tract symptoms]] (LUTS), which are divided into storage, [[voiding]], and symptoms which occur after urination.<ref>{{citation |title = Lower urinary tract symptoms in men: management |publisher = NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) }}</ref> Storage symptoms include the need to urinate frequently, [[nocturia|waking at night to urinate]], [[urinary urgency|urgency]] (compelling need to void that cannot be deferred), [[Urinary incontinence|involuntary urination]], including involuntary urination at night, or [[urge incontinence]] (urine leak following a strong sudden need to urinate).<ref>{{cite web |title = Urge incontinence |url = https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001270.htm |website = MedlinePlus |publisher = US National Library of Medicine |access-date = 26 October 2015 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151006031743/https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001270.htm |archive-date = 6 October 2015}}</ref> Voiding symptoms include [[urinary hesitancy]] (a delay between trying to urinate and the flow actually beginning), intermittency (not continuous),<ref>{{cite book | chapter = Incontinence and Stream Abnormalities | chapter-url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK295/ | title = Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations | edition = 3rd | location = Boston | publisher = Butterworths | date = 1990 | pmid = 21250138 | vauthors = White JR, O'Brien III DP, Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW | isbn = 9780409900774 }}</ref> involuntary interruption of voiding, weak urinary stream, straining to void, a sensation of incomplete emptying, and uncontrollable leaking after the end of urination.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Robinson J | title = Post-micturition dribble in men: causes and treatment | journal = Nursing Standard | volume = 22 | issue = 30 | pages = 43–46 | date = 11 February 2008 | pmid = 18459613 | doi = 10.7748/ns2008.04.22.30.43.c6440 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sarma AV, Wei JT | title = Clinical practice. Benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 367 | issue = 3 | pages = 248–257 | date = July 2012 | pmid = 22808960 | doi = 10.1056/nejmcp1106637 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title = Urination – difficulty with flow |url = https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003143.htm |website = MedlinePlus |publisher = US National Library of Medicine |access-date = 26 October 2015 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151006115737/https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003143.htm |archive-date = 6 October 2015}}</ref> These symptoms may be accompanied by bladder pain or pain while urinating, called [[dysuria]].<ref>{{cite web |title = Urination – painful |url = https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003145.htm |website = MedlinePlus |publisher = US National Library of Medicine |access-date = 26 October 2015 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151006110537/https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003145.htm |archive-date = 6 October 2015}}</ref>

[[Bladder outlet obstruction]] (BOO) can be caused by BPH.<ref>{{cite web |title = Bladder outlet obstruction |url = https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002238.htm |website = MedlinePlus |publisher = US National Library of Medicine |access-date = 26 October 2015 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151006110511/https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002238.htm |archive-date = 6 October 2015}}</ref> Symptoms are abdominal pain, a continuous feeling of a full bladder, frequent urination, acute urinary retention (inability to urinate), pain during urination (dysuria), problems starting urination (urinary hesitancy), slow urine flow, starting and stopping (urinary intermittency), and nocturia.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.lecturio.com/concepts/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia/ | title= Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
| website= The Lecturio Medical Concept Library |access-date= 5 July 2021}}</ref>

BPH can be a progressive disease, especially if left untreated. Incomplete voiding results in residual urine or urinary stasis, which can lead to an increased risk of [[urinary tract infection]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Truzzi JC, Almeida FM, Nunes EC, Sadi MV | title = Residual urinary volume and urinary tract infection--when are they linked? | journal = The Journal of Urology | volume = 180 | issue = 1 | pages = 182–185 | date = July 2008 | pmid = 18499191 | doi = 10.1016/j.juro.2008.03.044 }}</ref>