Editing Bell Labs (section)

==Origin and historical locations==
=== Bell's personal research after the telephone ===
[[File:Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, Georgetown, Washington, DC (31666507267).jpg|alt=An oblique view of a large salmon colored two-story stone building, of some prominence|thumb|Bell's 1893 [[Volta Bureau]] building in [[Washington, D.C.]]]]
In 1880, when the [[French Third Republic|French government]] awarded [[Alexander Graham Bell]] the [[Volta Prize]] of 50,000{{spaces}}[[French franc|francs]] for the [[invention of the telephone]] (equivalent to about US$10,000 at the time, or about ${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|10000|1879|r=-4}}}} now),{{Inflation-fn|US}} he used the award to fund the [[Volta Laboratory and Bureau|Volta Laboratory]] (also known as the "Alexander Graham Bell Laboratory") in [[Washington, D.C.]] in collaboration with [[Charles Sumner Tainter|Sumner Tainter]] and Bell's cousin [[Chichester Bell]].<ref name="Bruce1990">Bruce, Robert V. ''Bell: Alexander Bell and the Conquest of Solitude''. Ithaca, New York: [[Cornell University|Cornell University Press]], 1990. {{ISBN|0-8014-9691-8}}.</ref> The laboratory was variously known as the ''Volta Bureau'', the ''Bell Carriage House'', the ''Bell Laboratory'' and the ''Volta Laboratory''.

It focused on the analysis, recording, and transmission of sound. Bell used his considerable profits from the laboratory for further research and education advancing the diffusion of knowledge relating to the deaf.<ref name="Bruce1990" /> This resulted in the founding of the Volta Bureau ({{circa|1887}}) at the Washington, D.C. home of his father, linguist [[Alexander Melville Bell]]. The carriage house there, at 1527 35th Street N.W., became their headquarters in 1889.<ref name="Bruce1990" />

In 1893, Bell constructed a new building close by at 1537 35th Street N.W., specifically to house the lab.<ref name="Bruce1990" /> This building was declared a [[National Historic Landmark]] in 1972.<ref name="nhlsum">{{cite web |url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1292&ResourceType=Building |title=Volta Bureau |access-date=May 10, 2008 |website=National Historic Landmark summary listing |publisher=National Park Service |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011145610/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1292&ResourceType=Building |archive-date=October 11, 2012}}</ref><ref name="nrhpinv2">{{citation |title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Volta Bureau |url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NHLS/72001436_text |date=n.d. |author=Unsigned |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=October 17, 2023 |archive-date=March 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306070329/https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NHLS/72001436_text |url-status=live }} and
{{NHLS url|id=72001436|title=''Accompanying three photos, exterior, from 1972''|photos=y}}&nbsp;{{small|(920&nbsp;KB)}}</ref><ref name="dctravelitin">{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/wash/dc14.htm |title=Volta Laboratory & Bureau |access-date=May 10, 2008 |website=Washington D.C. National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary listing |publisher=National Park Service |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512051946/http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/wash/dc14.htm |archive-date=May 12, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref>

After the invention of the telephone, Bell maintained a relatively distant role with the Bell System as a whole, but continued to pursue his own personal research interests.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Alexander Graham Bell, A Life |last=Mackay |first=James |publisher=John Wiley & Sons Inc. |year=1997 |location=US}}</ref>

===Early antecedent===
The Bell Patent Association was formed by [[Alexander Graham Bell]], Thomas Sanders, and [[Gardiner Hubbard]] when filing the first patents for the telephone in 1876.

Bell Telephone Company, the first telephone company, was formed a year later. It later became a part of the American Bell Telephone Company.

In 1884, the [[American Bell Telephone Company]] created the Mechanical Department from the Electrical and Patent Department formed a year earlier.

The American Telephone and Telegraph Company and its own subsidiary company took control of American Bell and the Bell System by 1899.

American Bell held a controlling interest in [[Western Electric]] (which was the manufacturing arm of the business) whereas AT&T was doing research into the service providers.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Telephone Enterprise |last=Garnet |first=Robert |publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press |year=1985 |location=Baltimore, Maryland |pages=1–44}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bell-labs.com/about/history-bell-labs/ |title=Nokia Bell Labs History |date=July 20, 2018 |website=Nokia Bell Labs |access-date=July 21, 2018 |archive-date=July 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714130736/http://www.bell-labs.com/about/history-bell-labs/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Formal organization and location changes===
[[File:Bell Laboratories West Street.jpg|alt=463 West Street New York Bell Labs|thumb|The [[Bell Laboratories Building]], built at 463 West Street in [[New York City]] in 1925]]
In 1896, Western Electric bought property at [[Bell Laboratories Building (Manhattan)|463 West Street]] to centralize the manufacturers and engineers which had been supplying AT&T with such technology as telephones, [[telephone exchange]] switches and transmission equipment.

During the early 20th century, several historically significant laboratories were established. In 1915, the first radio transmissions were made from a shack in [[Montauk, Long Island]]. That same year, tests were performed on the first transoceanic radio telephone at a house in [[Arlington County, Virginia]].  A radio reception laboratory was established in 1919 in the [[Cliffwood, New Jersey|Cliffwood]] section of [[Aberdeen Township, New Jersey]]. Additionally for 1919, a transmission studies site was established in [[Phoenixville, Pennsylvania]] that built, in 1929, the coaxial conductor line for first tests of long-distance transmission in various frequencies.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shepherd |first1=R. Linsley |title=Bell Telephone Quarterly-The Geography of the Bell Telephone Laboratories |date=April 1939 |publisher=INFORMATION DEPARTMENT AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY |pages=95–96 |edition=VOLUME XVIII |url=https://archive.org/details/belltelephonemag18amerrich/page/95/mode/1up?view=theater |access-date=18 December 2023}}</ref>

On January 1, 1925, Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc. was organized to consolidate the development and research activities in the communication field and allied sciences for the Bell System. Ownership was evenly shared between Western Electric and AT&T. The new company had 3600 engineers, scientists, and support staff. Its {{Convert|400000|sqft|adj=on}} space was expanded with a new building occupying about one quarter of a city block.<ref name="telephony1925">Telephony, Volume 87(5), p.20, January 31, 1925</ref>

The first chairman of the board of directors was [[John J. Carty]], AT&T's vice president, and the first president was [[Frank B. Jewett]],<ref name="telephony1925"/> also a board member, who stayed there until 1940.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Donofrio |first=Angelo |date=May–June 1966 |title=West Street Story |journal=Bell Labs Reporter |volume=15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=[[The Idea Factory]] |last=Gertner |first=Jon |publisher=The Penguin Press |year=2012 |location=New York}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Manufacturing the Future |last=Adams, Butler |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1999 |location=Cambridge}}</ref> The operations were directed by E. B. Craft, executive vice-president, and formerly chief engineer at Western Electric.

In the early 1920s, a few outdoor facilities and radio communications development facilities were developed. In 1925, the test plot studies were established at [[Gulfport, Mississippi]], where there were numerous telephone pole samples established for wood preservation. At the [[Deal, New Jersey]] location, work was done on ship-to-shore radio telephony. In 1926, in the [[Whippany, New Jersey|Whippany]] section of [[Hanover Township, New Jersey]], land was acquired and established for the development of a 50-kilowatt broadcast transmitter. In 1931, Whippany increased with {{Convert|75|acres}} added from a nearby property. In 1928, a {{Convert|15|acre|adj=on}} site in [[Chester Township, New Jersey]], was leased for outdoor tests, though the facility became inadequate for such purposes. In 1930, the Chester location required the purchase of an additional {{Convert|85|acres}} of land to be used for a new outdoor plant development laboratory. Prior to Chester being established, a test plot was installed in [[Limon, Colorado]] in 1929, similar to the one in Gulfport. The three test plots at Gulfport, Limon, and Chester were outdoor facilities for preservatives and prolonging the use of telephone poles. Additionally, in 1929, a land expansion was done at the Deal Labs to {{Convert|208|acres}}. This added land increased the facility for radio transmission studies.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shepherd |first1=R. Linsley |title=Bell Telephone Quarterly-The Geography of the Bell Telephone Laboratories |date=April 1939 |publisher=INFORMATION DEPARTMENT AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY |pages=96–102 |edition=VOLUME XVIII |url=https://archive.org/details/belltelephonemag18amerrich/page/95/mode/1up?view=theater |access-date=18 December 2023}}</ref>

The beginning of 1930s, established three facilities with radio communications experiments and chemical aspects testing. By 1939, the [[Summit, New Jersey]], chemical laboratory was nearly 10 years established in a three-story building conducted experiments in corrosion, using various fungicides tests on cables, metallic components, or wood. For 1929, land was purchased in [[Holmdel Township, New Jersey]], for a radio reception laboratory to replace the [[Cliffwood, New Jersey|Cliffwood]] location that had been in operation since 1919. In 1930, the Cliffwood location was ending its operations as Holmdel was established. Whereas, in 1930, a location in [[Mendham Township, New Jersey]], was established to continue radio receiver developments farther from the Whippany location and eliminate transmitter interference at that facility with developments. The Mendham location worked on communication equipment and broadcast receivers. These devices were used for marine, aircraft, and police services as well as the location performed precision frequency-measuring apparatus, field strength measurements, and conducted radio interference.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shepherd |first1=R. Linsley |title=Bell Telephone Quarterly-The Geography of the Bell Telephone Laboratories |date=April 1939 |publisher=INFORMATION DEPARTMENT AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY |pages=95–102 |edition=VOLUME XVIII |url=https://archive.org/details/belltelephonemag18amerrich/page/95/mode/1up?view=theater |access-date=18 December 2023}}</ref>

By the early 1940s, Bell Labs engineers and scientists had begun to move to other locations away from the congestion and environmental distractions of New York City, and in 1967 Bell Laboratories headquarters was officially relocated to [[Murray Hill, New Jersey]].

Among the later Bell Laboratories locations in New Jersey were [[Holmdel Township, New Jersey|Holmdel Township]], [[Crawford Hill]], the [[Deal Test Site]], [[Freehold Borough, New Jersey|Freehold]], [[Lincroft, New Jersey|Lincroft]], [[Long Branch, New Jersey|Long Branch]], [[Middletown Township, New Jersey|Middletown]], [[Neptune Township, New Jersey|Neptune Township]], [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]], [[Piscataway, New Jersey|Piscataway]], [[Red Bank, New Jersey|Red Bank]], [[Chester Township, New Jersey|Chester Township]], and [[Whippany, New Jersey|Whippany]]. Of these, Murray Hill and Crawford Hill remain in existence (the Piscataway and Red Bank locations were transferred to and are now operated by [[Telcordia Technologies]] and the Whippany site was purchased by [[Bayer]]<ref>{{cite web |title=It's official! Bayer buys Alcatel-Lucent site in Hanover Twp |date=May 16, 2012 |url=http://newjerseyhills.com/hanover_eagle/news/it-s-official-bayer-buys-alcatel-lucent-site-in-hanover/article_d32b1704-9fc7-11e1-8336-001a4bcf887a.html?mode=story |publisher=The Hanover Eagle |access-date=May 21, 2012 |archive-date=March 24, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324150952/http://www.newjerseyhills.com/hanover_eagle/news/it-s-official-bayer-buys-alcatel-lucent-site-in-hanover/article_d32b1704-9fc7-11e1-8336-001a4bcf887a.html?mode=story |url-status=live }}</ref>).

The largest grouping of people in the company was in [[Illinois]], at [[Naperville, Illinois|Naperville]]-[[Lisle, Illinois|Lisle]], in the Chicago area, which had the largest concentration of employees (about 11,000) prior to 2001. There also were groups of employees in [[Indianapolis]], Indiana; [[Columbus, Ohio]]; [[North Andover, Massachusetts]]; [[Allentown, Pennsylvania]]; [[Reading, Pennsylvania]]; and [[Breinigsville, Pennsylvania]]; Burlington, North Carolina (1950s–1970s, moved to Greensboro 1980s) and [[Westminster, Colorado]]. Since 2001, many of the former locations have been scaled down or closed.

[[File:Bell Labs Holmdel.jpg|thumb|The Old [[Bell Labs Holmdel Complex]], located about 20 miles south of New York City, in [[New Jersey]]]]

Bell's [[Bell Labs Holmdel Complex|Holmdel research and development lab]], a {{Convert|1900000|sqft|adj=on}} structure set on {{Convert|473|acres}}, was closed in 2007. The mirrored-glass building was designed by [[Eero Saarinen]]. In August 2013, Somerset Development bought the building, intending to redevelop it into a mixed commercial and residential project. A 2012 article expressed doubt on the success of the newly named Bell Works site,<ref>{{cite news |title=Future takes shape for Bell Labs site |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/11/realestate/commercial/future-takes-shape-for-bell-labs-site.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 11, 2013 |access-date=September 29, 2013 |last1=Kaysen |first1=Ronda |archive-date=September 19, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130919220746/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/11/realestate/commercial/future-takes-shape-for-bell-labs-site.html |url-status=live }}</ref> but several large tenants had announced plans to move in through 2016 and 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.icims.com/about-us/news-room/press-releases/icims-plans-move-to-landmark-bell-works-building-commits-to |title=iCIMS Plans Move to Landmark Bell Works Building, Commits to Continued Growth in NJ |date=July 10, 2016 |website=ICIMS.com |access-date=October 10, 2018 |archive-date=July 10, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710195341/https://www.icims.com/about-us/news-room/press-releases/icims-plans-move-to-landmark-bell-works-building-commits-to |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nj.com/monmouth/index.ssf/2017/04/nyc-based_insurance_company_reportedly_signs_lease.html |title=Hundreds of new workers to move into historic Bell Labs building |date=April 10, 2017 |website=NJ.com |access-date=October 10, 2018 |archive-date=October 10, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010213624/https://www.nj.com/monmouth/index.ssf/2017/04/nyc-based_insurance_company_reportedly_signs_lease.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Building Complex Location (code) information, past and present===
* Chester (CH) – North Road, [[Chester Township, New Jersey]] (began 1930, outdoor test site for small size telephone pole preservation, timber-related equipment, cable laying mechanism for the first undersea voice cable, research for loop transmission, Lucent Technologies donated land for park)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historicchesternj.com/images/2015_Spring_CHS_Newsletter_compress_corr_add.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.historicchesternj.com/images/2015_Spring_CHS_Newsletter_compress_corr_add.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |title=Chester Historical Society News & Views |date=2015 |website=Historicchesternj.com |access-date=July 26, 2022}}</ref>
* Crawford Hill (HOH) – Crawfords Corner Road, [[Crawford Hill|Holmdel]], NJ (built 1930s, currently as exhibit and building sold, [[Holmdel Horn Antenna|horn antenna]] used for "Big Bang" theory)
* Red Hill (HR) – located at exit 114 on the Garden State Parkway (480 Red Hill Rd, Middletown, NJ), the building that formerly housed hundreds of Bell Labs researchers is now in use by [[Memorial Sloan Kettering]]
* Holmdel (HO) – 101 Crawfords Corner, [[Bell Labs Holmdel Complex|Holmdel]], NJ (built 1959–1962, older structures in the 1920s, currently as private building called Bell Works, discovered extraterrestrial radio emissions, undersea cable research, satellite transmissions systems Telstar 3 and 4); provided office space for ~8000 workers in the 1980s (reaching a peak of ~9000 in 1982); prized glass building with hollow interior designed by [[Eero Saarinen]]; a 3-legged white water tower built to resemble a [[transistor]] marks the long entrance drive to this facility.
* Indian Hill (IH) – 2000 Naperville Road, Naperville, IL (built 1966, currently Nokia, developed switching technology and systems)<ref name="auto">{{cite web |author=Noll, A. Michael |title=Memories : A Personal History of Bell Telephone Laboratories |url=https://quello.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Memories-Noll.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811232343/http://quello.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Memories-Noll.pdf |archive-date=2015-08-11 |url-status=live |website=Quello.msu.edu |access-date=July 26, 2022}}</ref>
* Indian Hill New (IHN) – 1960 Lucent Lane, Naperville, IL (built in 2000 by Lucent Technologies for growth of the Indian Hill Bell Labs complex.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lucent Naperville |url=https://www.krjda.com/projects/lucent-naperville |website=www.krjda.com |access-date=27 November 2023}}</ref> The steel and glass designed, {{Convert|613620|sqft|adj=on}} building with 900 parking places, was sold by Nokia for $4.8 million in April 2023. The buyer, Franklin Partners, purchased the {{Convert|41|acre|adj=on}} site for warehousing but decisions were made to demolish the building for future approved planning. The pedestrian bridge to Indian Hill building was demolished as a separated company.<ref>{{cite web |title=Franklin begins razing of Naperville office complex |url=https://therealdeal.com/chicago/2023/08/28/franklin-begins-razing-of-naperville-office-complex/ |website=therealdeal.com |date=August 28, 2023 |access-date=27 November 2023}}</ref> The conference room<ref>{{cite web |title=The best "Elevator Pitch" of the World? |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrIfes1L7NI |website=www.youtube.com | date=10 December 2017 |publisher=Youtube |access-date=27 November 2023}}</ref> and lobby scenes of the building<ref>{{cite web |title=The Dilemma (2011) – Serious Lady Wood Scene (1/10) Movieclips |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8aK7LsC0G-4 |website=www.youtube.com | date=4 June 2018 |publisher=MovieClips |access-date=27 November 2023}}</ref> were filmed in July 2010, during Alcatel-Lucent ownership, for the Ron Howard film, ''[[The Dilemma]]''.)<ref>{{cite web |title=Ron Howard movie filming in Naperville |url=https://www.dailyherald.com/article/20100715/news/307159642/ |work=Daily Herald |date=July 14, 2010 |access-date=27 November 2023}}</ref>
* Indian Hill Park (IHP) – 200 Park Pl, Naperville, IL (Leased facility until Lucent Technologies consolidation to Indian Hill location.)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wonderly |first1=Gregg |title=What Good is a Tree When All You Have is a Computer? |url=https://www.artima.com/weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=4350 |website=www.artima.com |publisher=Gregg Wonderly |access-date=26 February 2024}}</ref>
* Indian Hill South (IX) – Naperville, IL (Leased facility until Lucent Technologies consolidation to Indian Hill location.)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Goldston |first1=Ed |title=Property Manager |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/henry-ed-goldston |website=www.linkedin.com |publisher=Ed Goldston |access-date=26 February 2024}}</ref>
* Indian Hill West (IW) – Naperville, IL (Leased facility until Lucent Technologies consolidation to Indian Hill location.)<ref>{{cite web |title=Haywood v. Lucent Technologies Inc. |url=https://casetext.com/case/haywood-v-lucent-technologies-inc-1 |website=casetext.com |publisher=Casetext Inc. |access-date=26 February 2024}}</ref>
* Murray Hill (MH) – 600 Mountain Ave, Murray Hill, NJ (built 1941–1945, currently Nokia, developed transistor, UNIX operating system and C programming language, [[anechoic chamber]], several building sections demolished)
[[File:AT&T Bell Laboratories Whippany New Jersey entrance sign in 1994.jpg|thumb|Whippany Bell Labs was an AT&T location from the mid-1920s until 1996. Lucent Technologies from 1996 to 2006 and Alcatel-Lucent from 2006 to 2009 (closure). The buildings were sold and demolished in 2010, except for two buildings repurposed for Bayer Healthcare.]]
* Network Software Center (NSC and/or NW) – 2500-2600 Warrenville Rd, Lisle, IL (Built in mid 1970s. Owned property under AT&T Bell Labs, then Lucent Technologies constructed an additional building in 2000s. During Alcatel-Lucent consolidation to Indian Hill location, the buildings were placed for sale and sold to [[Navistar]] in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |title=Navistar proposes moving headquarters to Lisle |url=https://www.villageoflisle.org/ArchiveCenter/ViewFile/Item/170 |website=www.villageoflisle.org |publisher=Lisle Village Newsletter |access-date=26 February 2024}}</ref>)
* Short Hills (HL) – 101–103 JFK Parkway, Short Hills, NJ (Various departments such as Accounts Payable, IT Purchasing, HR Personnel, Payroll, Telecom, and the Government group, and Unix Administration Systems Computer Center. Buildings exist without the overhead walkway between the two buildings and two different companies are located from banking and business analytics.)
* Summit (SF) – 190 River Road, Summit, NJ (building was part of the UNIX Software Operations and became UNIX System Laboratories, Inc. In December 1991, USL combined with Novell. Location is a banking company.)
* West St ( ) – 463 West Street, New York, NY (built 1898, 1925 until December 1966 as Bell Labs headquarters, experimental talking movies, wave nature of matter, radar)
* Whippany (WH) – 67 Whippany Road, Whippany, NJ (built 1920s, demolished and portion building as Bayer, performed military research and development, research and development in radar, in guidance for the [[Project Nike|Nike missile]], and in underwater sound, [[Telstar 1]], wireless technologies)<ref name="auto" />

===List of Bell Labs (1974)===
Bell Lab's 1974 corporate directory listed 22 labs in the United States, located in:
* Allentown – Allentown, PA
* Atlanta – Norcross, GA
* Centennial Park – Piscataway, NJ
* Chester – Chester, NJ
* Columbus – Columbus, OH
* Crawford Hill – Holmdel, NJ
* Denver – Denver, CO
* Grand Forks-MSR – Cavalier, ND [Missile Site Radar (MSR) Site]
* Grand Forks-PAR – Cavalier, ND [Perimeter Acquisition Radar (PAR) Site]
* Guilford Center – Greensboro, NC
* [[Bell Labs Holmdel Complex|Holmdel]] – Holmdel, NJ
* Indianapolis – Indianapolis, IN
* Indian Hill – Naperville, IL
* [[Kwajalein]] – San Francisco, CA<ref>[https://s3.amazonaws.com/arena-attachments/1606731/a41cb3f6903d5ace340477d62a8bbf73.pdf?1516213556 The Idea Factory]</ref><ref>[https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Bell-Laboratories-Record/Bell-Labs-50th-Anniversary.pdf Bell Labs 50th anniversary] worldradiohistory.com</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://ethw.org/Bell_Labs | title=Bell Labs | date=August 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://original-ufdc.uflib.ufl.edu/AA00061588/04647 | title=The Kwajalein hourglass }}</ref>
* Madison – Madison, NJ
* Merrimack Valley – North Andover, MA
* Murray Hill – Murray Hill, NJ
* Raritan River Center – Piscataway, NJ
* Reading – Reading, PA
* Union – Union, NJ
* Warren Service Center – Warren, NJ
* Whippany – Whippany, NJ

===List of Bell Labs (2024)===
Nokia Bell Lab's 2024 website pictured 10 labs, located in:<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Global Research Locations |url=https://www.bell-labs.com/about/locations/#gref |website=www.bell-labs.com |date=January 25, 2023 |publisher=Nokia |access-date=31 January 2024}}</ref>
* Antwerp – (Copernicuslaan 50, 2018 [[Antwerp, Belgium]])
* Budapest – (Skypark 8A, Bókay János utca 36–42, 1083, [[Budapest, Hungary]])
* Cambridge – (Broers Building, 21 J.J. Thomson Avenue, [[Cambridge]], CB3 0FA, United Kingdom)
* Espoo – (Karaportti 3 FI-02610, [[Espoo, Finland]])
* Munich – (Werinherstrasse 91 81541, [[Munich, Germany]])
* Murray Hill – (600 Mountain Avenue, [[Murray Hill, New Jersey]] 07974-0636) (Global Headquarters)
* Oulu – (Kaapelitie 4, 90620 [[Oulu, Finland]])
* Paris – (12 rue Jean Bart, 91300 Massy) [[Paris-Saclay]], Nozay, France
* Shanghai – (No.388 Ningqiao Road, Pudong Jinqiao, [[Shanghai]] 201206 China
* Stuttgart – (Magirusstraße 8, 70469 [[Stuttgart, Germany]])

Also listed as research locations without additional information was [[Sunnyvale, California]], US and [[Tampere, Finland]].

The [[Naperville, Illinois]] Bell Labs location near Chicago was considered the Chicago Innovation Center and hosted Nokia's second annual Algorithm World event in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nokia Algorithm World 2022 |url=https://www.nokia.com/about-us/company/worldwide-presence/north-america/ |website=www.nokia.com |publisher=Nokia |access-date=31 January 2024}}</ref>