Editing Bebop (section)

==Etymology==
[[Image:"Bebop-rebop" early bop phrase.png|thumb|right|"In spite of the explanations of the origins of these words, players actually did sing the words "bebop" and "rebop" to an early bop phrase as shown in the following example."<ref>Tanner, Paul O. W. and Gerow, Maurice (1964). ''A Study of Jazz'', 81. Second edition. {{ISBN|0-697-03557-3}}.</ref> {{Audio|"Bebop-rebop" early bop phrase.mid|Play}}]]
The term "bebop" is derived from nonsense syllables (vocables) used in [[scat singing]]; the first known example of "bebop" being used was in [[McKinney's Cotton Pickers]]' "Four or Five Times", recorded in 1928.<ref name="Ety">Gleason, Ralph J. (15 February 1959) [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19590215&id=5LxOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_AAEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6125,874814 "Jazz Fan Really Digs the Language – All the Way Back to Its Origin"]. ''Toledo Blade''.</ref> It appears again in a 1936 recording of "I'se a Muggin'" by [[Jack Teagarden]].<ref name="Ety" /> A variation, "rebop", appears in several 1939 recordings.<ref name="Ety" /> The first known print appearance also occurred in 1939, but the term was little used subsequently until applied to the music now associated with it in the mid-1940s.<ref name="Ety" /> [[Thelonious Monk]] claims that the original title "Bip Bop" for his composition "[[52nd Street Theme]]", was the origin of the name "bebop."<ref>{{cite book |last=Kelley |first=Robin |author-link=Robin Kelley |title=Thelonious Monk: The Life and Times of an American Original |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |year=2009 |page=95 |isbn=978-1439190494}}</ref>

Some researchers speculate that it was a term used by [[Charlie Christian]] because it sounded like something he hummed along with his playing.<ref>Jim Dawson and [[Steve Propes]], ''What Was The First Rock'n'Roll Record?'', 1992, {{ISBN|0-571-12939-0}}</ref> [[Dizzy Gillespie]] stated that the audiences coined the name after hearing him scat the then-nameless compositions to his players and the press ultimately picked it up, using it as an official term: "People, when they'd wanna ask for those numbers and didn't know the name, would ask for bebop."<ref>{{cite book |last=Painter |first=Nell Irvin |author-link=Nell Irvin Painter |title=Creating Black Americans |url=https://archive.org/details/creatingblackame00pain |url-access=registration |publisher=Oxford University Press US |year=2006 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/creatingblackame00pain/page/228 228]–229 |access-date=July 9, 2009 |isbn=0-19-513755-8}}</ref> Another theory is that it derives from the cry of "Arriba! Arriba!" used by Latin American bandleaders of the period to encourage their bands.<ref>Peter Gammond, ''The Oxford Companion to Popular Music'', 1991, {{ISBN|0-19-311323-6}}</ref> At times, the terms "bebop" and "rebop" were used interchangeably. (Although rebop differed from bebop with its more impressionist use of discordant chords.) By 1945, the use of "bebop"/"rebop" as nonsense syllables was widespread in [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]] music, for instance [[Lionel Hampton]]'s "[[Hey! Ba-Ba-Re-Bop]]".{{citation needed|date=July 2017}} The bebop musician or '''bopper''' became a [[stock character]] in jokes of the 1950s, overlapping with the [[beatnik]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cameron |first1=William Bruce |title=Informal Sociology |date=1963 |publisher=Random House |page=93 |language=en}}</ref>