Editing Beatrix of the Netherlands (section)

==Early life==
Princess Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard was born on 31 January 1938 at [[Soestdijk Palace]] in [[Baarn]], Netherlands, as the first child of [[Princess Juliana of the Netherlands]] and her husband, [[Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld]].<ref name="youth">[http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/english/content.jsp?objectid=18162 Youth] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505005733/http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/english/content.jsp?objectid=18162 |date=5 May 2009 }}. The Dutch Royal House. Retrieved on 11 July 2008.</ref> Beatrix was [[baptised]] on 12 May 1938 in the [[Grote or Sint-Jacobskerk (The Hague)|Great Church]] in [[The Hague]].<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.grotekerkdenhaag.nl/index.cfm/grote-kerk-den-haag/grote-kerk/geschiedenis Geschiedenis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004012558/http://www.grotekerkdenhaag.nl/index.cfm/grote-kerk-den-haag/grote-kerk/geschiedenis |date=4 October 2015 }}, Grote Kerk Den Haag. Retrieved on 15 May 2012.</ref> Her five godparents were [[King Leopold III of Belgium]]; [[Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone]]; Beatrix's maternal great-great-aunt [[Princess Elisabeth of Waldeck and Pyrmont|Elisabeth, Princess of Erbach-Schönberg]]; her paternal great-uncle [[Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg]]; and [[Allene Tew|Countess Allene de Kotzebue]].<ref>[http://www.geheugenvannederland.nl/?/en/items/KONB05:1299 De vijf peetouders van prinses Beatrix]. The Memory of the Netherlands. Retrieved on 11 July 2008.</ref> Beatrix's middle names are the first names of her grandmothers, [[Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands]] and [[Armgard von Cramm|Armgard, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld]].

When Beatrix was one year old, in 1939, her younger sister [[Princess Irene of the Netherlands|Princess Irene]] was born.<ref name="youth"/>

[[File:Prinses Beatrix, prinses Irene en prinses Juliana kijken naar voorbij varende sc, Bestanddeelnr 255-7629 (crop).jpg|thumb|upright|Beatrix and Irene on board the ''Piet Hein'' in 1946]]
[[World War II]] broke out in the Netherlands on 10 May 1940 ([[Westfeldzug]]). On 13 May, the [[Dutch Royal Family]] evacuated to [[London]], United Kingdom. One month later, Beatrix went to [[Ottawa]], Ontario, Canada, with her mother Juliana and her sister Irene, while her father Bernhard and maternal grandmother Queen Wilhelmina remained in London.<ref name="youth"/> The family lived at the [[Stornoway residence]] (now the residence of the [[Leader of the Opposition]] in the Parliament of Canada).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/royalty/ |title=CBC News |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |date=18 January 2008 |access-date=5 March 2010}}</ref> With bodyguards and ladies in waiting, the family summered at Bigwin Inn on [[Lake of Bays, Ontario]], where four private stone cottages of the resort served as their retreat. While on [[Bigwin Island]], the constitution of the Netherlands was stored in the safe of Bigwin Inn's rotunda building. Princess Juliana and her family were remembered for their "down to earth" friendliness, general gratefulness and great reverence for their homeland and people, to whom they paid homage by refraining from all luxuries offered to guests at the resort that was once billed as the largest and most luxurious summer resort in Canada. To provide them with a greater sense of security, culinary chefs and staff catered to personal orders at meal time. Upon their departure, the hotel musicians of the Bigwin Inn Orchestra assembled dockside; and at every public performance afterward through to the end of World War II, the ''[[Wilhelmus]]'' was played. In the years following the shuttering and neglect of the island resort, the "Juliana" cottages were well maintained and preserved in an informal tribute to Princess Juliana and her family. In thanks for the protection of her and her daughters, Princess Juliana established the custom of delivery to the Canadian government every spring of tulips, which is the centrepiece of the [[Canadian Tulip Festival]].

The second sister of Beatrix, [[Princess Margriet]], was born in Ottawa in 1943.<ref name="youth"/> During their exile in Canada, Beatrix attended nursery and<ref name="education">[http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/english/content.jsp?objectid=18163 Education] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505005950/http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/english/content.jsp?objectid=18163 |date=5 May 2009 }}. The Dutch Royal House. Retrieved on 11 July 2008.</ref> [[Rockcliffe Park Public School]], a primary school where she was known as "Trixie Orange".<ref>{{cite news|last=Davison|first=Janet|title=Abdicating Dutch queen was a wartime Ottawa schoolgirl|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/abdicating-dutch-queen-was-a-wartime-ottawa-schoolgirl-1.1315871|publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]|access-date=29 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.canadascapital.gc.ca/bins/ncc_web_content_page.asp?cid=16297-16298-10118-10120&lang=1&bhcp=1 |title=National Capital Commission |publisher=Canadascapital.gc.ca |access-date=5 March 2010 |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091013011225/http://www.canadascapital.gc.ca/bins/ncc_web_content_page.asp?cid=16297-16298-10118-10120&lang=1&bhcp=1 |archive-date=13 October 2009 }}</ref>

On 5 May 1945, the German troops in the Netherlands surrendered. The family returned to the Netherlands on 2 August 1945. Beatrix went to the progressive primary school ''De Werkplaats'' in [[Bilthoven]] run by [[pacifist]] social reformers [[Kees Boeke]] and [[Beatrice Boeke-Cadbury]]. Her third sister [[Princess Christina of the Netherlands|Princess Christina]] was born in 1947.<ref name="youth"/> On 6 September 1948, her mother succeeded her grandmother Wilhelmina as Queen of the Netherlands. Since she had no brothers, Beatrix became the [[heiress presumptive]] to the Dutch throne at the age of ten.