Editing Bayonne (section)

==Toponymy==
===Etymology===
While the modern [[Basque language|Basque]] spelling is ''Baiona'' and the same in [[Gascon language|Gascon]] [[Occitan language|Occitan]],<ref name="Toponimia (leku-izenak)">[http://www.euskaltzaindia.net/index.php?option=com_eoda&view=toponimia&Itemid=471&nonkodea=4.1&lang=fr ''Euskaltzaindia''], Academy of the Basque language, consulted on 5 August 2014 {{in lang|fr}}</ref><ref name="AES">[https://aunamendi.eusko-ikaskuntza.eus/en/baiona/ar-6137/ Baiona], [[Auñamendi Encyclopedia|Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia]] {{in lang|es}}</ref> "the name ''Bayonne'' poses a number of problems both historical and linguistic which have still not been clarified".<ref name="Iglesias">Hector Iglesias, [http://www.ikerketak.com/louvrage-dhector-iglesias-au-format-pdf.php ''Names of Places and people in Bayonne, Anglet and Biarritz in the 18th century''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402132340/http://www.ikerketak.com/louvrage-dhector-iglesias-au-format-pdf.php |date=2 April 2015 }}, éditions Elkar, Donostia-Saint-Sébastien, 2000, consulted on 25 July 2014, {{ISBN|2-913156-32-0}}, p. 34 {{in lang|fr}}</ref> There are different interpretations of its meaning.

The termination ''-onne'' in ''Bayonne'' can come from many in hydronyms ''-onne'' or toponyms derived from that. In certain cases the element ''-onne'' follows an Indo-European theme: ''*ud-r/n'' (Greek ''húdōr'' giving hydro, [[Gothic language|Gothic]] ''watt'' meaning "water") hence ''*udnā'' meaning "water" giving ''unna'' then ''onno'' in the glossary of [[Vienna|Vienne]].<ref>Xavier Delamarre, ''Dictionary of the Gallic language. A linguistic approach to continental old Celtic'', éditions Errance, Paris, 2003, {{ISBN|2-87772-237-6}}, p. 48 {{in lang|fr}}</ref> ''Unna'' therefore would refer to the Adour. This toponymic type evoking a river traversing a locality is common. The appellative ''unna'' seems to be found in the name of the [[Garonne]] (''Garunna'' 1st century; ''Garonna'' 4th century). However, it is possible to see a pre-Celtic suffix ''-ona'' in the name of the [[Charente (river)|Charente]] (''Karantona'' in 875) or the [[Charentonne]] (''Carentona'' in 1050).<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=rsNpi7IVulEC&dq=%22carentona%22&pg=PA34 ''General Toponymy of France''], Ernest Nègre, 28 July 2014 {{in lang|fr}}</ref>

It could also be an augmentative [[Gascon language|Gascon]] from the original [[Latin]] radical ''Baia-'' with the suffix ''-ona'' in the sense of "vast expanse of water" or a name derived from the Basque ''bai'' meaning "river" and ''ona'' meaning "good", hence "good river".

The proposal by Eugene Goyheneche repeated by Manex Goyhenetche and supported by Jean-Baptiste Orpustan is ''bai una'', "the place of the river" or ''bai ona'' "hill by the river"—''Ibai'' means "river" in Basque and ''muinoa'' means "hill".

"It has perhaps been lost from sight that many urban place names in France, from north to south, came from the element ''Bay-'' or ''Bayon-'' such as: [[Bayons]], [[Bayonville]], [[Bayonvillers]] and pose the unusual problem of whether they are Basque or Gascon" adds Pierre Hourmat.<ref group="PiH" name="p3">p. 3.</ref> However, the most ancient form of Bayonne: ''Baiona'', clearly indicates a feminine or a theme of ''-a'' whereas this is not the case for Béon or Bayon. In addition, the ''Bayon-'' in Bayonville or Bayonvillers in northern France is clearly the personal Germanic name ''Baio''.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=jbpVLN1tRNoC&dq=Bayonville%20ernest%20n7gre&pg=PA926 ''General Toponymy of France''], Ernest Nègre, 28 July 2014 {{in lang|fr}}</ref>

===Old attestations===
The names of the Basque province of [[Labourd]] and the locality of Bayonne have been attested from an early period with the place name ''Bayonne'' appearing in the Latin form ''Lapurdum'' after a period during which the two names could in turn designate a Viscounty or Bishopric.<ref name="Orpustan">Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ie-LeqGXat8C ''New Basque Toponymy''], Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 2006, {{ISBN|2 86781 396 4}} p. 19, 26 {{in lang|fr}}</ref>

''Labourd'' and ''Bayonne'' were synonymous and used interchangeably until the 12th century before being differentiated: Labord for the province and Bayonne for the city.<ref name="Orpustan" /> The attribution of Bayonne as ''Civitas Boatium'', a place mentioned in the [[Antonine Itinerary]] and by Paul Raymond in his 1863 dictionary, has been abandoned. The city of the ''Boïates'' may possibly be [[La Teste-de-Buch]] but is certainly not Bayonne.<ref group="Note">Achille Luchaire, ''Annals of the Faculty of Letters of Bordeaux (1879)'', note 12 and 24, regarding the ''Notitia Provinciarum'' mentioning the ''civitas Boatium'' (var. ''Boasium, Bohatium, Boaccensium, Boacium'') "whose identification with Bayonne, proposed by Scaliger and Valois, is absolutely inadmissible (see Desjardins, Gaule rom., II, 874, note 1)" {{in lang|fr}}.</ref>

The following table details the origins of Labord, Bayonne, and other names in the commune.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Spelling !! Date !! Source !! Page !! Origin !! Description
|-
| '''Bayonne''' || Tribunus cohortis Novempopulanoe: Lapurdo || || Raymond ||{{center|24}}|| Notary of Provinces || City
|-
| || In provincia Novempopulana tribunus cohortis Novempopulanæ in Lapurdo || fifth century || Goyheneche ||{{center|85–92}}|| ||
|-
| || Lapurdum || sixth century || Raymond ||{{center|24}}|| [[Gregory of Tours]] ||
|-
| || Episcopatus Lasburdensis || 983 || Raymond ||{{center|88}}|| Chapter ||
|-
| || Sancta Maria Lasburdensis || 983 || Raymond ||{{center|24}}|| Chapter ||
|-
| || Sancta Maria Baionensis || 1105 || Raymond ||{{center|24}}|| Cartulary ||
|-
| || civitas de Baiona || 1140 || Raymond ||{{center|24}}|| Cartulary ||
|-
| || Baione || 13th century || Raymond ||{{center|24}}|| Duchesne ||
|-
| || Bayona || 1248 || Raymond ||{{center|24}}|| Camara ||
|-
| || Bayone || 1253 || Raymond ||{{center|24}}|| Camara ||
|-
| || Baionne || 14th century || Guiart || || ||
|-
| || Bayonne || 1750 || Cassini 1750 || || ||
|-
| || Bayonne || 1790 || Cassini 1790 || || ||
|-
| || Baiona || 19th century || Lhande || || ||
|-
| || || || || || ||
|-
| '''Balichon''' || Molendinum de la Mufala, Balaisson || 1198 || Raymond ||{{center|24}}|| Cartulary || Old mill
|-
| || Balaichon || 1259 || Raymond ||{{center|24}}|| Cartulary ||
|-
| || Molin de le Muhale || 1259 || Raymond ||{{center|24}}|| Cartulary ||
|-
| || Molin de la Muffale || 1259 || Raymond ||{{center|24}}|| Cartulary ||
|-
| || lo pont de Belaischon || 1259 || Raymond ||{{center|24}}|| Cartulary ||
|-
| || Baleyson || 1331 || Raymond ||{{center|20}}|| Gascon roles ||
|-
| || Baleychoun || 1334 || Raymond ||{{center|20}}|| Gascon roles ||
|-
| || || || || || ||
|-
| '''Bénac''' || Bénac || 1863 || Raymond ||{{center|27}}|| || Farm
|-
| || || || || || ||
|-
| '''Bouroutchourry''' || Bouroutchourry || 1863 || Raymond ||{{center|35}}|| || Farm
|-
| || || || || || ||
|-
| '''Glain''' || Fons de Coquoanhea || 1387 || Raymond ||{{center|72}}|| Chapter || Farm
|-
| || Camps || 17th century || Raymond ||{{center|72}}|| Archives of Bayonne ||
|-
| || || || || || ||
|-
| '''Jean-d'Amou''' || Jean-d'Amou || 1863 || Raymond ||{{center|85}}|| || Hamlet
|-
| || || || || || ||
|-
| '''Lachepaillet''' || Lo portau de Lachepailhet || 1516 || Raymond ||{{center|88}}|| Chapter || District; it was once the name of one of the city gates which was previously called the ''Portail de Tarride''.
|-
| || || || || || ||
|-
| '''Largenté''' || Largenté || 1863 || Raymond ||{{center|94}}|| || Farm
|-
| || || || || || ||
|-
| '''Les Lauriers''' || Les Lauriers || 1863 || Raymond ||{{center|97}}|| || Hamlet
|-
| || || || || || ||
|-
| '''Lesperon''' || L'Esperon || 1246 || Raymond ||{{center|100}}|| Cartulary || Farm at Saint-Esprit
|-
| || || || || || ||
|-
| '''Les Murailles''' || Les Murailles || 1863 || Raymond ||{{center|120}}|| || Farm
|-
| || || || || || ||
|-
| '''Panecau''' || Port de Bertaco || 13th century || Raymond ||{{center|131}}|| Cartulary || Bridge
|-
| || || || || || ||
|-
| '''Pé-de-Navarre''' || Pé-de-Navarre || 1863 || Raymond ||{{center|133}}|| || Farm
|-
| || || || || || ||
|-
| '''Château Weymann''' || Château Weymann || 1863 || Raymond ||{{center|175}}|| || Château
|-
| || || || || || ||
|}

'''Sources:'''
*'''[[Paul Raymond (archivist)|Raymond]]:''' [https://books.google.com/books?id=2TCHmbiipFIC ''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''], 1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. {{in lang|fr}}<ref name="Raymond">[https://books.google.com/books?id=2TCHmbiipFIC ''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''], [[Paul Raymond (archivist)|Paul Raymond]], Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011 {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*'''Goyheneche:''' according to the ''[[Notitia Dignitatum]] Imperii'' dating from 340 to 420<ref>Eugène Goyheneche, Goyheneche, 1973, "Lapurdum ...", p. 85–92 {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*'''Guiart:''' Guillaume Guiart, around 1864
*'''Lhande:''' Basque-French Dictionary by [[Pierre Lhande]], 1926.
*'''Cassini 1750:''' 1750 [[French cartography#Cassini maps|Cassini Map]]<ref name="Cassini1750" />
*'''Cassini 1790:''' 1790 [[French cartography#Cassini maps|Cassini Map]]<ref name="Cassini1790" />

'''Origins:'''
*'''Chapter:''' Titles of the Chapter of Bayonne<ref name="Chapter">Chapter of Bayonne in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*'''Cartulary:''' [[Cartulary]] of Bayonne or ''Livre d'Or'' (Book of Gold)<ref name="Cartulary">Manuscript from the 14th century in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*'''Camara:''' Chapters of the Camara de Comptos.<ref name="Camara">Titles published by don José Yanguas y Miranda in ''Diccionario de Antiguedades del reino de Navarra'', 1840, [[Pamplona]], {{in lang|es}}</ref>