Editing Bavarian language (section)

== Language or dialect ==
Bavarian is commonly considered to be a dialect of [[German language|German]],<ref>{{harvnb |Zehetner|1985|p=16}}: "Bairisch ist der oberdeutsche Dialekt, der dem Stamm der Baiern (oder Bajuwaren) eigen ist." [Bavarian is the Upper German dialect that is proper to the tribe of the Bavarians (or Baiuvarii).]</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://bwb.badw.de/bairische-mundarten.html |title=Bairisch versus bayerisch |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Bayerisches Wörterbuch (BWB) |publisher=[[Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities]] |access-date=2023-02-26 |quote=Von der Verbreitung und von der Sprecherzahl her ist das Bairische die am weitesten verbreitete deutsche Mundart. |trans-quote=In terms of distribution and number of speakers, Bavarian is the most widespread German dialect.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.historisches-lexikon-bayerns.de/Lexikon/Bairische_Dialekte |title=Bairische Dialekte |author=Anthony Rowley |date=2010-04-26| website=[[Historisches Lexikon Bayerns]] |publisher=[[Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities]] |access-date=2023-02-26 |quote=Mit Bairisch wird die südöstliche Gruppe der oberdeutschen Dialekte bezeichnet. |trans-quote=Bairisch refers to the southeastern group of the Upper German dialects.}}</ref> but some sources classify it as a separate [[language]]: the [[International Organization for Standardization]] has assigned a unique [[ISO 639-3]] language code (''bar''),<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=bar {{!}} ISO 639-3 |url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/bar |access-date=2023-02-26 |website=iso639-3.sil.org}}</ref> and the [[UNESCO]] lists Bavarian in the ''[[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]'' since 2009; however, the classification of Bavarian as an ''individual language'' has been criticized by some scholars of Bavarian.{{sfn|Rowley|2011|pp=301–302}}{{sfn|Eibl|2014|p=96}}

Reasons why Bavarian can be viewed as a dialect of German include the perception of its speakers, the lack of standardization, the traditional use of Standard German as a [[Dachsprache|roofing language]], the relative closeness to German which does not justify Bavarian to be viewed as an [[abstand language]], or the fact that no country applied for Bavarian to be entered into the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]].{{sfn|Rowley|2011|pp=301–307}}{{sfn|Eibl|2014|pp=90–91, 96}}

The difference between Bavarian and [[Standard German]] is larger than the difference between [[Danish language|Danish]] and some varieties of [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] or between [[Czech language|Czech]] and [[Slovak language|Slovak]].<ref>{{harvtxt|Hinderling|1984}} quoted in {{harvtxt|Rowley|2011|p=301}}.</ref><!--Differences include the Bavarian [[pronoun]]s ''es'' ('we [[Nominative case|nom.]]', Standard German ''wir'') and ''enk'' ('you [[Accusative case|acc.]]/[[Dative case|dat.]] [[Plural|pl.]]', Standard German ''ihr''), the second person pl. verb ending ''-ts'' (Standard German ''-t''), or the addition of verbal endings to [[subordinating conjunction]]s.-->