Editing Barrington, Illinois (section)

== History ==
===Early history===
The original settlers of the Barrington area were the indigenous peoples of the Native American Prairie [[Potawatomi]] or [[Mascoutin]] tribes, which later divided into the Potawatomi, [[Ojibwe]], and [[Odawa people|Ottawa]] tribes.<ref name="BarLibIndHere">{{cite web| author=Lines, Arnett C.| title=When the Indians Were Here |url=http://www.barringtonarealibrary.org/LocalHistory/LinesHistory/part1.htm#WHEN%20THE%20INDIANS%20WERE%20HERE| work=Barrington Area History| publisher= Barrington Area Library| access-date=May 2, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071108010020/http://www.barringtonarealibrary.org/LocalHistory/LinesHistory/part1.htm#WHEN%20THE%20INDIANS%20WERE%20HERE |archive-date = November 8, 2007}}</ref> Many local roads still in use today, including [[Illinois State Route 62|Algonquin Road]], [[U.S. Route 12|Rand Road]], [[Illinois State Route 72|Higgins Road]], and St. Charles Road, were originally Native American trails.<ref name="BarLibIndHere"/> For many years, Barrington was considered part of the [[Northwest Territory]], then the [[Illinois Territory]].<ref name="BarLibWhtCnty">{{cite web| author=Lines, Arnett C.| title=In What Counties| url=http://www.barringtonarealibrary.org/LocalHistory/LinesHistory/part1.htm#IN%20WHAT%20COUNTIES| work=Barrington Area History| publisher=Barrington Area Library| access-date=May 2, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071108010020/http://www.barringtonarealibrary.org/LocalHistory/LinesHistory/part1.htm#IN%20WHAT%20COUNTIES |archive-date = November 8, 2007}}</ref>

===19th century===
By treaty dated September 26, 1833, ending the [[Black Hawk War]], the Ojibwe, Ottawa and Potawatomi tribes ceded to the United States all lands from the west shore of [[Lake Michigan]] west to the area that the [[Ho-Chunk|Winnebago]] tribe ceded in 1832, north to the area that the [[Menominee]]s had previously ceded to the United States, and south to the area previously ceded by an 1829 treaty at [[Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin|Prairie du Chien]], a total of approximately {{convert|5000000|acre|km2}}.<ref name="BarLibIndianTreaty">{{cite web| author=Lines, Arnett C.| title=Indian Defeats and Treaties| url= http://www.barringtonarealibrary.org/LocalHistory/LinesHistory/part1.htm#INDIAN%20DEFEATS%20AND%20TREATIES| work=Barrington Area History| publisher=Barrington Area Library| access-date = May 1, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071108010020/http://www.barringtonarealibrary.org/LocalHistory/LinesHistory/part1.htm#INDIAN%20DEFEATS%20AND%20TREATIES |archive-date = November 8, 2007}}</ref> Through this treaty, the [[Sauk people|Sauk]], [[Meskwaki]], Winnebago, Ojibwe, Ottawa and Pottawatomi tribes ceded all title to the area east of the [[Mississippi River]]. Between 1833 and 1835, the U.S. government paid approximately $100,000 in annuities and grants to the Potawatomi, Ottawa, and Ojibwe tribes, presumably as payment for the land.<ref name="BarLibIndianTreaty"/>

Following this treaty, pioneers traveled from [[Troy, New York]], via [[Fort Dearborn]] (now the city of Chicago) to live in [[Cuba Township, Lake County, Illinois|Cuba Township]] in [[Lake County, Illinois|Lake County]].<ref name="ChiEncyBar">{{cite encyclopedia| title=Barrington, IL| url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/112.html| encyclopedia=The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago |publisher=Chicago Historical Society| access-date=May 2, 2009}}</ref><ref name="VilBarHist">{{cite web |title=Barrington's History |url=http://www.barrington-il.gov/index.aspx?page=169 |work=Village of Barrington, Illinois |publisher=Village of Barrington |access-date=July 26, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920152118/http://www.barrington-il.gov/index.aspx?page=169 |archive-date=September 20, 2011  }}</ref> The first [[white people|white]] [[American pioneer|pioneers]] known to have settled in Barrington township were Jesse F. Miller and William Van Orsdal of [[Steuben County, New York]], who arrived in 1834, before the three-year period which had been given the Native Americans to vacate the region, and before local land surveys.<ref name="BarLibStlmnt">{{cite web| author=Lines, Arnett C.| title=Settlement around Barrington Center| url=http://www.barringtonarealibrary.org/LocalHistory/LinesHistory/part1.htm#SETTLEMENT%20AROUND%20BARRINGTON%20CENTER| work=Barrington Area History| publisher=Barrington Area Library| access-date=May 2, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071108010020/http://www.barringtonarealibrary.org/LocalHistory/LinesHistory/part1.htm#SETTLEMENT%20AROUND%20BARRINGTON%20CENTER |archive-date = November 8, 2007}}</ref>  Other Yankee settlers from Vermont and New York settled in what is now the northwest corner of [[Cook County, Illinois|Cook County]].<ref name="ChiEncyBar"/><ref name="VilBarHist"/>

The combined settlement of these pioneers, located at the intersection of [[Illinois Route 68]] and Sutton Road, was originally called Miller Grove due to the number of families with that surname<ref name="TwnshpOrg">{{cite web| author=Lines, Arnett C.| title=Townships are Organized| url=http://www.barringtonarealibrary.org/LocalHistory/LinesHistory/part1.htm#TOWNSHIPS%20ARE%20ORGANIZED| work=Barrington Area History| publisher=Barrington Area Library| access-date=May 2, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071108010020/http://www.barringtonarealibrary.org/LocalHistory/LinesHistory/part1.htm#TOWNSHIPS%20ARE%20ORGANIZED |archive-date = November 8, 2007}}</ref> but later renamed Barrington Center<ref name="VilBarHist"/><ref name="VilBarComHst">{{cite web| title=History of Barrington| url=http://www.ci.barrington.il.us/Community/HistoryOfBarrington.html| work=Community Information| publisher=The Village of Barrington| access-date=May 2, 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090407034707/http://www.ci.barrington.il.us/Community/HistoryOfBarrington.html| archive-date=April 7, 2009| url-status=dead| df=mdy-all}}</ref> because it "centered" both ways from the present [[Illinois State Route 59|Sutton Road]] and from Algonquin and Higgins roads.<ref name="BarLibStlmnt"/> Although residents and historians agree that the name Barrington was taken from [[Great Barrington, Massachusetts|Great Barrington]] in [[Berkshire County, Massachusetts]],<ref name="ChiEncyBar"/> and that many settlers immigrated to the area from Berkshire County, there is currently no evidence that settlers emigrated from Great Barrington itself.<ref name="TwnshpOrg"/> In addition, several original settlers, including Miller, Van Orsdal, and John W. Seymour, emigrated from [[Steuben County, New York]],<ref name="BarLibIndianTreaty"/> which also features a town named [[Barrington, New York|Barrington]] founded in 1822. However, it is currently unknown whether any settlers emigrated from Barrington, New York, itself or whether the New York settlement influenced the naming of Barrington, Illinois.<!--What a coincidence, though! More original research needed.-->

[[File:Barrington IL Train Station.jpg|thumb|left|Barrington train station for the [[Union Pacific/Northwest Line|Metra]] train line from [[Harvard, Illinois]] to [[Ogilvie Transportation Center]]]]

Much of the history of Barrington since its settlement parallels the development of railroad lines from the port facilities in Chicago. In 1854, the [[Chicago and North Western Transportation Company]], now known as the [[Union Pacific Northwest Line]], led by [[William Butler Ogden]], extended the train line to the northwest corner of [[Cook County, Illinois|Cook County]] and built a station named Deer Grove.<ref name="ChiEncyBar"/>

In 1854, Robert Campbell, a civil engineer who worked for the railroad, purchased a farm {{convert|2|mi|0}} northwest of the Deer Grove station and platted a community on the property.<ref name="ChiEncyBar"/><ref name="VilBarHist"/> Deer Grove residents protested, and at Campbell's request, the railroad later moved the Deer Grove station near its current location, which Campbell named Barrington after Barrington Center.<ref name="ChiEncyBar"/><ref name="VilBarHist"/> In 1855, the village's first [[lumber]] facility began operations on Franklin Street.<ref name="VilBarHist"/>

By 1863, population growth during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] era increased the number of Barrington residents to 300. In order to provide a tax mechanism to finance improvements, Barrington submitted its request for incorporation in 1863.<ref name="VilBarHist"/> Delays due to the Civil War resulted in the appropriate incorporation deeds not returning to Barrington for nearly two years.<ref name="VilHistPlaces">{{cite web |author=Village of Barrington |title=Historic Places |url=http://www.barrington-il.gov/index.aspx?page=271 |publisher=Village of Barrington |access-date=July 27, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920162303/http://www.barrington-il.gov/index.aspx?page=271 |archive-date=September 20, 2011  }}</ref> The Illinois legislature granted Barrington's charter on February 16, 1865.<ref name="ChiEncyBar"/><ref name="VilHistPlaces"/> The Village held its first Board meeting on March 20, 1865, and appointed resident Homer Wilmarth as Mayor for one year.<ref name="ChiEncyBar"/><ref name="VilHistPlaces"/>

In 1866, resident Milius B. McIntosh became the first elected Village President.<ref name="VilHistPlaces"/>

In 1889, the [[Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railway]] (the "EJ&E") was built through Barrington, crossing what is now the Union Pacific/Northwest Line northwest of town.<ref name="ChiEncyBar"/>  In the late 19th century, a series of fires damaged numerous downtown buildings.  In 1890, fire swept along the north side of East [[Lake Cook Road|Main Street]] east of what is now the Union Pacific/Northwest Line, destroying several buildings.<ref name="VilHistPlaces"/> In 1893, another fire destroyed most of the block that is now Park Avenue, and in 1898 a fire destroyed several buildings along the north side of Main Street from [[Illinois State Route 59|Hough Street]] to the Northwest Line railroad tracks.<ref name="VilHistPlaces"/> As a result of these fires, residents replaced the burned frame structures with more substantial brick and stone buildings, many of which remain in use today (albeit with substantially altered [[facade]]s).<ref name="VilHistPlaces"/>

===20th century===
[[File:Village of Barrington Map 1953.jpg|thumb|A "Building and Use Map" of the village as it existed in October 1953. This map, with dots representing individual houses, was based on 1939 and 1949 aerial maps of the area as well as field inspections by then Village Trustee John H.D. Blanke.]]

At the beginning of the 20th century, the village streets were unpaved, although the downtown area had wooden slat sidewalks, with some on elevated platforms.<ref name="VilHistPlaces"/>  The downtown area also featured hitching posts for tethering horses as well as public outhouses.<ref name="VilHistPlaces"/>  Meanwhile, fenced residential backyards in the village often contained livestock and barnyard animals.<ref name="VilHistPlaces"/>

In 1907, the village began replacing its wooden sidewalks with cement pavement.<ref name="VilHistPlaces"/> In 1929, the [[Jewel (supermarket)#Beginning|Jewel Tea Company]] built a new office, warehouse, and [[coffee]] roasting facility northeast of the village center, creating hundreds of local jobs despite the [[Great Depression]].<ref>{{cite web| last=Blue |first=Renee |url=http://www.qbarrington.com/mj09-feature-depression.html |title=Features |publisher=Qbarrington.com |access-date=July 10, 2010}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>

The last major fire in downtown Barrington occurred on December 19, 1989. The fire completely destroyed Lipofsky's Department Store, then one of the oldest continually operating businesses in the village.<ref name="VilHistPlaces"/>

====The Battle of Barrington====
{{Main|The Battle of Barrington}}
On November 27, 1934, a running gun battle between [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] agents and [[Public enemy|Public Enemy # 1]] [[Baby Face Nelson]] took place in Barrington, resulting in the deaths of [[Special Agent]] [[Herman Hollis|Herman "Ed" Hollis]] and Inspector [[Samuel P. Cowley]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.odmp.org/officer.php?oid=3534 |title=The Officer Down Memorial Page Remembers .. |access-date=December 13, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060720060539/http://www.odmp.org/officer.php?oid=3534 |archive-date=July 20, 2006 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> Nelson, though shot nine times, escaped the gunfight in Hollis's car with his wife, Helen Gillis. Nelson succumbed from his wounds at approximately 8 p.m. that evening and was unceremoniously dumped near a cemetery in Niles Center (now [[Skokie, Illinois|Skokie]]), Illinois.<ref>"Trace Outlaw Nelson on Death Ride." ''[[Chicago Tribune]]''. November 29, 1934. p. 1</ref>  Infamous for allegedly killing more federal agents than any other individual, Nelson was later buried at Saint Joseph Cemetery in [[River Grove, Illinois]]. A plaque near the entrance to Langendorf Park, part of the Barrington Park District, commemorates the agents killed in the gunfight.

===21st century===
<!--More data needed!-->
In April 2009, in a [[non-binding referendum]], residents voted in favor of permitting [[Barrington Township, Cook County, Illinois|Barrington Township]] officials to begin looking into seceding from [[Cook County, Illinois|Cook County]] in part due to Cook County's increased sales tax,<ref name="BarCourRevElctn">{{cite web| author=Tony A. Solano| title=Abboud wins second term as president| url=http://www.pioneerlocal.com/barrington/news/1518114,ba-election1-040909-s1.article| publisher=Barrington Courier Review| date=April 8, 2009 |access-date=May 9, 2009| quote=Residents voted in favor of permitting township officials to begin looking into seceding from Cook County by a vote of 975 to 507 with 13 of 14 precincts reporting.}}</ref> now the highest in the country.<ref name="HoffPstSecd">{{cite news| author=Taliaferro, Tim| title=Three Townships Vote To Secede From Cook County, But Will They?| url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/04/08/three-townships-vote-to-s_n_184680.html| work=The Huffington Post| date=April 8, 2009| access-date=May 9, 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090412035439/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/04/08/three-townships-vote-to-s_n_184680.html| archive-date= April 12, 2009 | url-status= live}}</ref> (''See'' [[#Relationship with Cook County|Government]] section below.) Today, Barrington and its nearby villages are considered to be some of the wealthiest in the country.<ref name="ChiEncyBar"/>

====Opposition to Canadian National Railway Purchase of EJ&E Railway====
Since 2008, Barrington has made national news for its opposition to the purchase of the [[Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railway|EJ&E]] by [[Canadian National Railway]], known as "CN", a purchase that may drastically increase the number of freight trains passing through the village daily.<ref name="NPR_Rail">{{cite news| title= Plan To Unsnarl Chicago Rail Hits Snags In Suburbs |last=Schaper | first = David| url= https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=92633264| work = [[Morning Edition]]| agency = [[National Public Radio]]| date=July 28, 2008 |access-date=May 3, 2009}}</ref><ref name="EconTrnWrk">{{cite news| title=Nimbyism in the Midwest – Train wreck in suburbia| url= http://www.economist.com/world/unitedstates/displaystory.cfm?story_id=12208702| newspaper=The Economist| date=September 11, 2008 |access-date=May 7, 2009}}</ref> The EJ&E intersects at grade with eight major roads in the Barrington area, including [[U.S. Route 14|Northwest Highway]], [[Illinois State Route 59]] and [[Lake Cook Road]] in downtown Barrington, as well as the [[Metra]] Union Pacific line.<ref name="pioneerlocal.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/|title=Chicago Suburbs News - Chicago Tribune|website=chicagotribune.com|access-date=April 9, 2020}}</ref> By 2012, CN is expected to run at least 20 trains on the line per day.<ref name="pioneerlocal.com"/> In summer 2008, [[Barack Obama]], then a [[U.S. senator]] for Illinois, voiced opposition to the purchase, vowing to work with affected communities to make sure their views were considered.<ref name="pioneerlocal.com"/>

On October 15, 2010, the CN railroad crossing at [[U.S. Route 14]], as well as rail crossings at Lake Zurich Road and Cuba Road, were blocked for over one and half hours during the early afternoon rush hour due to a stopped 133-car CN southeast bound freight train.<ref name="pioneerlocal.com"/> At times during the incident, the [[Illinois State Route 59|Hough Street]] crossing was also blocked.<ref name="pioneerlocal.com"/> The stopped train also caused back-ups on the Metra commuter rail service of their "Union Pacific Northwest Line", which operates over Union Pacific's Harvard and McHenry subdivisions.<ref name="pioneerlocal.com"/> That same day, [[U.S. Rep.]] [[Melissa Bean]] (D-8th) and [[U.S. Senator]] [[Dick Durbin]] (D-Ill.) released a statement that Barrington will receive a $2.8 million grant to fund the planning, design and engineering of a [[grade separation]] at the [[U.S. Route 14]] and CN railroad crossing.<ref name="pioneerlocal.com"/>  Construction of any grade separation at that intersection is estimated to cost approximately $69 million; the source(s) of any such funding are currently unknown, and there are currently no plans to design or construct grade separations at any of the other seven Barrington area CN railroad crossings.<ref name="pioneerlocal.com"/>