Editing Barnard College (section)

== History ==

=== Founding ===
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| image1 = Barnard College, June 4, 1913 (LOC).jpg
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| caption2 = The facade of [[Students' Hall|Barnard Hall]]
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From its founding in 1754 until the mid-1980s, [[Columbia College, Columbia University|Columbia College]] of [[Columbia University]] admitted only men for undergraduate study.<ref name="farmer20080825">{{cite web |url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/news/record/coeducation.html |title=College Marks 25 Years of Coeducation |website=The Record |last1=Farmer |first1=Melanie |access-date=October 23, 2014 |archive-date=April 29, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429224549/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/news/record/coeducation.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Barnard College was founded in 1889 as a response to Columbia's refusal to admit women. Classes took place in a rented brownstone at 343 Madison Avenue, where a faculty of six offered instruction to 36 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barnard College: An Early Timeline, To 1939 {{!}} Barnard 125 |url=https://blogs.cuit.columbia.edu/ram31/timelines/barnard-college-timeline-to-1945-under-construction/ |access-date=October 12, 2020 |language=en-US |archive-date=September 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918134154/http://blogs.cuit.columbia.edu/ram31/timelines/barnard-college-timeline-to-1945-under-construction/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

The college was named after [[Frederick Augustus Porter Barnard]], a [[deaf]] American educator and mathematician who later served as Columbia's president for over twenty years. He advocated for coeducational settings and proposed in 1879 that Columbia admit women.<ref name="jstor368780" /> Columbia's Board of Trustees repeatedly rejected Barnard's suggestion,<ref name="jstor368780" /> but in 1883 agreed to create a syllabus that would allow the college's students to receive degrees. The first such graduate received her bachelor's degree in 1887.  A former student of the program, [[Annie Nathan Meyer|Annie Meyer]],<ref name="rosenberg" /> and other prominent New York women persuaded the board in 1889 to create a women's college connected to Columbia.<ref name="jstor368780">{{cite journal |date=Spring 1991 |title=Social and Cultural Stratification in Women's Higher Education: Barnard College and Teachers College, 1898–1912 |journal=History of Education Quarterly |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=1–25 |jstor=368780 |author=Weneck, Bette |doi=10.2307/368780 |s2cid=144543745}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=First Barnard Board of Trustees, 1889 |url=https://edblogs.columbia.edu/histx3570-001-2014-1/numbers/first-barnard-board-of-trustees-1889/ |website=Alma Mater: The History of American Colleges & Universities |access-date=July 3, 2020 |archive-date=August 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806000132/https://edblogs.columbia.edu/histx3570-001-2014-1/numbers/first-barnard-board-of-trustees-1889/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Men and women were evenly represented among the founding trustees of Barnard College.<ref name="Putnam">{{cite journal |last1=Putnam |first1=Emily Jane |title=The Rise of Barnard College |journal=Columbia University Quarterly |date=1900 |volume=II |issue=3 |pages=209–217 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9IZMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA212 |access-date=July 2, 2020 |archive-date=July 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714130931/https://books.google.com/books?id=9IZMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA212 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|212}}

=== Morningside campus ===
When Columbia University announced in 1892 its impending move to Morningside Heights, Barnard built a new campus nearby with gifts from Mary E. Brinckerhoff, [[Elizabeth Milbank Anderson]] and Martha Fiske.<ref name="Dolkart p. 215">{{harvnb|Dolkart|1998|ps=.|p=215}}</ref> Two of these gifts were made with several stipulations attached. Brinckerhoff insisted that Barnard acquire land within 1,000 feet of the Columbia campus within the next four years.<ref name="Dolkart p. 209">{{harvnb|Dolkart|1998|ps=.|p=209}}</ref> The Barnard trustees purchased land between 119th–120th Streets after receiving funds for that purpose in 1895.<ref name="Dolkart p. 210">{{harvnb|Dolkart|1998|ps=.|p=210}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1895/02/19/archives/gifts-to-barnard-college-two-hundred-thousand-dollars-for-a.html |title=GIFTS TO BARNARD COLLEGE; TWO HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS FOR A BUILDING FUND. Money Needed for Land on Morningside Heights – Money Guaranteed for Post-Graduate Professors. |date=February 19, 1895 |work=The New York Times |access-date=December 23, 2019 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=December 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223184853/https://www.nytimes.com/1895/02/19/archives/gifts-to-barnard-college-two-hundred-thousand-dollars-for-a.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Anderson requested that [[Charles A. Rich]] be hired.<ref name="Dolkart pp. 211-215">{{harvnb|Dolkart|1998|ps=.|pp=211–214}}</ref> Rich designed the [[Milbank, Brinckerhoff, and Fiske Halls]], built in 1897–1898;<ref name="Dolkart pp. 211-215" /> these were listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 2003.<ref name="nris2">{{NRISref|version=2009a|dateform=mdy}}</ref> The first classes at the new campus were held in 1897. Despite Brinckerhoff's, Anderson's, and Fiske's gifts, Barnard remained in debt.<ref name="Dolkart p. 215" />

[[Ella Weed]] supervised the college in its first four years; [[Emily James Smith Putnam|Emily James Smith]] succeeded her as Barnard's first dean.<ref name="jstor368780" /> [[Jessica Garretson Finch|Jessica Finch]] is credited with coining the phrase ''current events'' while teaching at Barnard College in the 1890s.<ref name="obituary2">{{cite news |title=Mrs. John Cosgrave Is Dead Founded Finch Junior College: Was Institution's President Nearly 50 Years; Coined 'Current Events' Phrase |date=November 1, 1949 |publisher=New York Herald Tribune}}</ref>

The college received the three blocks south of 119th Street from Anderson in 1903.<ref>Plimpton Papers, Barnard College Archives</ref><ref name="Dolkart p. 217">{{harvnb|Dolkart|1998|ps=.|p=217}}</ref> Rich provided a master plan for the campus, but only [[Brooks and Hewitt Halls|Brooks Hall]] was built, being constructed between 1906 and 1908.<ref name="Dolkart pp. 218-219">{{harvnb|Dolkart|1998|ps=.|pp=218–219}}</ref><ref name="nrhpinv_ny2">{{cite web |url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=10059 |title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Brooks and Hewitt Halls |author=Kathleen A. Howe |date=June 2003 |publisher=[[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation]] |access-date=March 19, 2011 |archive-date=October 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019113056/http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=10059 |url-status=live}}</ref> None of Rich's other plans was carried out. [[Students' Hall]], now known as Barnard Hall, was built in 1916 to a design by [[Arnold W. Brunner|Arnold Brunner]].<ref name="Dolkart pp. 220-221">{{harvnb|Dolkart|1998|ps=.|pp=220–221}}</ref> [[Brooks and Hewitt Halls|Hewitt Hall]] was the last structure to be erected, in 1926–1927.<ref name="nrhpinv_ny2" /> All three buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.<ref name="nris2" /><ref name="Dolkart p. 223">{{harvnb|Dolkart|1998|ps=.|p=223}}</ref>

By the mid-20th century, Barnard had succeeded in its original goal of providing a top-tier education to women. Between 1920 and 1974, only the much larger [[Hunter College]] and [[University of California, Berkeley]] produced more women graduates who later received doctorates.<ref name="zimmerman20120314" /> In the 1970s, Barnard faced considerable pressure to merge with male only Columbia College, which was fiercely resisted by its president, [[Jacquelyn Mattfeld]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Maeroff |first1=Gene I. |title=Tie to Columbia Called Big Issue In Mattfeld Shift; Barnard President Seen as Too Intensely Opposed Areas of Disagreement Autonomy and Affiliation Turnover in Personnel |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1980/05/30/111163075.html?pageNumber=27 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 30, 1980 |language=en |access-date=February 10, 2021 |archive-date=July 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731165450/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1980/05/30/111163075.html?pageNumber=27 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Presidents===
List of Presidents and Deans of Barnard College from 1889 to present<ref name="PastPresident">{{Cite web |url=http://barnard.edu/about/leadership/past-presidents |title=Past Presidents |access-date=September 18, 2011 |archive-date=November 25, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125074846/http://barnard.edu/about/leadership/past-presidents |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/22/nyregion/barnard-chooses-a-leader-whose-research-focuses-on-women.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/22/nyregion/barnard-chooses-a-leader-whose-research-focuses-on-women.html |archive-date=January 1, 2022 |url-access=limited |title=Barnard Chooses a Leader Whose Research Focuses on Women |newspaper=The New York Times |first=Elizabeth A. |last=Harris |date=May 22, 2017 |access-date=February 17, 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* [[Ella Weed]] (1889–1894)
* [[Emily James Smith Putnam]] (1894–1900)
* [[Laura Drake Gill]] (1901–1907)
* [[Virginia Gildersleeve]] (1911–1947)
* [[Millicent McIntosh]] (1947–1962)
* [[Rosemary Park]] (1962–1967)
* [[Martha Peterson (academic administrator)|Martha Peterson]] (1967–1975)
* [[Jacquelyn Mattfeld]] (1976–1980)
* [[Ellen V. Futter]] (1980–1993)
* [[Judith R. Shapiro]] (1994–2008)
* [[Debora L. Spar]] (2008–2017)
* [[Sian Beilock]] (2017–2023)
* [[Laura Rosenbury]] (2023–present)<ref>{{Cite web |title=UF Law's Laura Rosenbury Named President of Barnard College |url=https://www.floridabar.org/the-florida-bar-news/uf-law-laura-rosenbury-named-president-of-barnard-college/ |access-date=March 21, 2023 |website=The Florida Bar |language=en-US}}</ref>