Editing Baol (section)

==History==
There are no written sources for the early history of Baol, and even oral traditions are sparse. The earliest recorded [[Teigne]] of Baol was named Kayamangha Diatta and was a member of the [[Soninke people|Soninke]] [[Wagadu]] matrilineage, reflecting influence emanating from the [[Ghana Empire]].{{sfn|Boulegue|2013|p=48}}<ref name = Goree>Institut Fondamental de l'Afrique Noire. Musée Historique de Gorée Exhibit (August 2024).</ref>

[[Serer people]] moved into the region in the 11th or 12th century, fleeing Islamization in the [[Senegal river]] valley. [[Wolof people|Wolof]] groups gradually arrived later.{{sfn|Clark|Philips|1994|p=18}} The Wagadu dynasty integrated them into the Baol government.<ref name = Goree/> Some early Serer kings included: Kolki Faye; Mbissine Ndoumbé Ngom; Massamba Fambi Ngom; Fambi Langar Ngom; [[Maad Patar Xole Joof|Patar Xole Joof]] (great-grandson of [[Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof]]).<ref name="ifa"/> 

At some point early in its history, Baol was integrated into the [[Jolof Empire]]. The legend of [[Ndiadiane Ndiaye]], the first ''Buurba Jolof'', claims that the ruler of Baol voluntarily submitted to him, but this is likely a later invention to celebrate the unity of the empire.{{sfn|Boulegue|2013|p=46-7}} Many of the earliest ''buurba''s came from maternal lineages native to Baol, perhaps benefiting from the prestigious historical memory of Ghana. Some even used [[Lambaye]] as an imperial residence.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fall |first1=Rokhaya |editor1-last=Fauvelle-Aymar |editor1-first=François-Xavier |title=Les ruses de l'historien. Essais d'Afrique et d'ailleurs en hommage à Jean Boulègue |date=2013 |publisher=Karthala |location=Paris |page=22 |url=https://www.cairn.info/les-ruses-de-l-historien--9782811109394-page-15.htm |access-date=8 January 2024 |language=French |chapter=De la nécessité de réactualiser le recours à la « tradition orale » dans l’écriture du passé africain|series=Hommes et sociétés |doi=10.3917/kart.fauve.2013.01.0015 |isbn=978-2-8111-0939-4 |s2cid=246907590 }}</ref>

The [[Portugal|Portuguese]] began trading on the coast of Baol in the 15th century, bringing primarily horses and iron.{{sfn|Clark|Philips|1994|p=131}}

[[Amary Ngoné Sobel Fall]], [[Damel]] of [[Cayor]], and his cousin Maguinak Joof of Baol fought together at the [[Battle of Danki]] (1549), where they defeated the Emperor of [[Jolof Empire|Jolof]] and won independence.<ref name="ifa"/><ref name = Fall>Fall, Tanor Latsoukabé, ''Recueil sur la Vie des Damel.'' Introduit et commenté par Charles. Becker et Victor. Martin, BIFAN, Tome 36, Série B, n° 1, janvier 1974</ref> Fall became the first ''Damel-Teign'', reigning over both kingdoms in a personal union and founding the Fall dynasty.{{sfn|Clark|Philips|1994|p=74}}<ref name = Goree/> This arrangement resurfaced periodically throughout the history of the two states, with frequent wars between them. Fall was son of [[Lingeer]] Ngoneh Sobel Njie and the maternal grandson of [[Lingeer]] Sobel Joof, making him a descendant of the ancient Baol royal house of [[Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof]].

Around the turn of the 16th century, Baol, still largely [[Serer people|Serer]] and [[animist]] and under the reign of [[Teigne]] Mafane Thiaw, was invaded by the nominally Islamic [[Cayor]]. Defeated in battle, some of the priests of Baol took refuge with the [[Maad Saloum]], founding the city of [[Kaolack]].<ref name = mboose>{{cite book| last1 = Kesteloot| first1 = Lilyan | last2 = Veirman| first2 = Anja| author-link = | date = 1999| title = Histoire d'Afrique : les enjeux de mémoire|chapter = Un lieu de mémoire sans stèle et sans visite guidée : le culte du Mboose à Kaolack (Sénégal)| chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/histoiredafrique0000unse/page/83/mode/1up| location = Paris| publisher = Karthala| pages = 83–91| isbn = 978-2-86537-904-0 |language = French}}</ref>{{rp|87}} 
[[File:ArrestationBrue.jpg|thumb|left|The arrest of French governor [[Andre Brue]] on the orders of Damel-Teigne Lat Sukaabe.]]

In 1697 Teigne [[Lat Sukaabe Fall]] conquered Cayor and built a powerful, centralized state backed by a military armed with firearms. Upon his death, however, he deeded each kingdom to a separate son, and the rivalry between them continued.{{sfn|Clark|Philips|1994|p=132}} During the 18th century, Damel Maïsa Teindde Ouédji of Cayor annexed Baol, but the kingdom was embroiled in a succession dispute after his death. Baol regained its independence in 1756.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Barry |first1=Boubacar |title=Le royaume du Waalo: le Senegal avant la conquete |date=1972 |publisher=Francois Maspero |location=Paris |pages=195–6}}</ref>

The French conquest of Baol began in 1859 under Governor [[Louis Faidherbe]]. Most of Baol was conquered by 1874, but complete control of the former kingdom was only established in 1895 when it was divided into two provinces. Under colonialism, [[Mouride brotherhood|Mouridism]], whose founder [[Amadou Bamba]] was a Baol-Baol, spread widely in the region.{{sfn|Clark|Philips|1994|p=74}}