Editing Bamboo (section)

==Taxonomy==
{{cladogram|align=left
|caption=[[Phylogeny]] of the bamboo within the BOP [[clade]] of grasses, as suggested by analyses of the whole of Poaceae<ref name="GPWGII">{{cite journal |author=Grass Phylogeny Working Group II |title=New grass phylogeny resolves deep evolutionary relationships and discovers C<sub>4</sub> origins |journal=New Phytologist |volume=193 |issue=2 |year=2012 |pages=304–312 |issn=0028-646X |doi=10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03972.x |pmid=22115274 |bibcode=2012NewPh.193..304. |hdl=2262/73271|hdl-access=free }}</ref> and of the bamboos in particular.<ref name="Kelchner2013">{{cite journal |author1=Kelchner S |author2=Bamboo Phylogeny Working Group |title=Higher level phylogenetic relationships within the bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) based on five plastid markers |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=67 |issue=2 |year=2013 |pages=404–413 |url=http://www.isu.edu/~kelchner/Kelchner_Lab/Publications_files/Kelchner%26BPG_MPE2013.pdf |issn=1055-7903 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2013.02.005 |pmid=23454093 |bibcode=2013MolPE..67..404K |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605041641/http://www.isu.edu/~kelchner/Kelchner_Lab/Publications_files/Kelchner%26BPG_MPE2013.pdf |archive-date=5 June 2015}}</ref>
|cladogram={{clade|style=font-size:85%;line-height:75%;width:450px;
|label1=[[BOP clade]]
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
 |label1='''Bambusoideae'''
 |1={{clade
  |1={{clade
   |1=[[Bambuseae]] (tropical woody bamboos)
   |2=[[Olyreae]] (herbaceous bamboos)
  }}
  |2=[[Arundinarieae]] (temperate woody bamboos)
 }}
 |2=[[Pooideae]]
}}
|2=[[Oryzoideae]]
}}
}}
}}
Bamboos have long been considered the most basal grass genera, mostly because of the presence of [[bract]]eate, indeterminate inflorescences, "pseudospikelets", and flowers with three [[lodicule]]s, six [[stamens]], and three [[stigma (botany)|stigmata]].<ref name="Clark, LG 1995">{{cite journal |last1= Clark |first1= LG |last2= Zhang |first2= W |last3= Wendel |first3= JF |year= 1995 |title= A Phylogeny of the Grass Family (Poaceae) Based on ndhF Sequence Data |journal= Systematic Botany |volume= 20 |issue= 4 |pages= 436–460 |doi=10.2307/2419803 |jstor= 2419803|bibcode= 1995SysBo..20..436C }}</ref> Following more recent [[molecular phylogenetic]] research, many [[tribe (biology)|tribes]] and genera of grasses formerly included in the Bambusoideae are now classified in other subfamilies, e.g. the [[Anomochlooideae]], the [[Puelioideae]], and the [[Ehrhartoideae]]. The subfamily in its current sense belongs to the [[BOP clade]] of grasses, where it is sister to the [[Pooideae]] (bluegrasses and relatives).<ref name="GPWGII" />

The bamboos comprise three clades classified as tribes, and these strongly correspond with geographic divisions representing the New World herbaceous species ([[Olyreae]]), tropical woody bamboos ([[Bambuseae]]), and temperate woody bamboos ([[Arundinarieae]]).<ref>{{Citation |last1=Ahmad |first1=Zishan |title=Bamboo: Origin, Habitat, Distributions and Global Prospective |date=2021 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1310-4_1 |work=Biotechnological Advances in Bamboo: The "Green Gold" on the Earth |pages=1–31 |editor-last=Ahmad |editor-first=Zishan |access-date=2023-08-29 |place=Singapore |publisher=Springer |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-981-16-1310-4_1 |isbn=978-981-16-1310-4 |last2=Upadhyay |first2=Anamica |last3=Ding |first3=Yulong |last4=Emamverdian |first4=Abolghassem |last5=Shahzad |first5=Anwar |s2cid=239748950 |editor2-last=Ding |editor2-first=Yulong |editor3-last=Shahzad |editor3-first=Anwar}}</ref><ref name="Ayer 100027"/> The woody bamboos do not form a [[monophyletic group]]; instead, the tropical woody and herbaceous bamboos are sister to the temperate woody bamboos.<ref name="Kelchner2013"/><ref name="GPWGII"/> Altogether, more than 1,400 species are placed in 115 genera.<ref name="Kelchner2013"/>

{{hidden begin |title='''Tribe [[Olyreae]]''' (herbaceous bamboos)
|titlestyle=background:rgb(144,238,144);width:60%;}}
22 genera:
* Subtribe [[Buergersiochloinae]]
*: one genus: ''[[Buergersiochloa]]''.
* Subtribe [[Olyrineae]]
*: 18 genera: ''[[Agnesia]]'', ''[[Arberella]]'', ''[[Brasilochloa]]'', ''[[Cryptochloa]]'', ''[[Diandrolyra]]'', ''[[Ekmanochloa]]'', ''[[Froesiochloa]]'', ''[[Lithachne]]'', ''[[Maclurolyra]]'', ''[[Mniochloa]]'', ''[[Olyra (plant)|Olyra]]'', ''[[Parodiolyra]]'', ''[[Piresiella]]'', ''[[Raddia]]'', ''[[Raddiella]]'', ''[[Rehia]]'', ''[[Reitzia]]'' (syn. ''[[Piresia]]''), ''[[Sucrea]]''.
* Subtribe [[Parianinae]]
*: three genera: ''[[Eremitis]]'', ''[[Pariana]]'', ''[[Parianella]]''.
{{hidden end}}{{hidden begin |title='''Tribe [[Bambuseae]]''' (tropical woody bamboos)
|titlestyle=background:rgb(144,238,144);width:60%;}}
73 genera:
* Subtribe [[Arthrostylidiinae]]:
*: 15 genera: ''[[Actinocladum]]'', ''[[Alvimia]]'', ''[[Arthrostylidium]]'', ''[[Athroostachys]]'', ''[[Atractantha]]'', ''[[Aulonemia]]'', ''[[Cambajuva]]'', ''[[Colanthelia]]'', ''[[Didymogonyx]]'', ''[[Elytrostachys]]'', ''[[Filgueirasia]]'', ''[[Glaziophyton]]'', ''[[Merostachys]]'', ''[[Myriocladus]]'', ''[[Rhipidocladum]]''.
* Subtribe [[Bambusinae]]:
*: 17 genera: ''[[Bambusa]]'', ''[[Bonia]]'', ''[[Cochinchinochloa]]'', ''[[Dendrocalamus]]'', ''[[Fimbribambusa]]'', ''[[Gigantochloa]]'', ''[[Maclurochloa]]'', ''[[Melocalamus]]'', ''[[Neomicrocalamus]]'', ''[[Oreobambos]]'', ''[[Oxytenanthera]]'', ''[[Phuphanochloa]]'', ''[[Pseudoxytenanthera]]'', ''[[Soejatmia]]'', ''[[Thyrsostachys]]'', ''[[Vietnamosasa]]'', ''[[Yersinochloa]]''.
* Subtribe [[Chusqueinae]]:
*: one genus: ''[[Chusquea]]''.
* Subtribe [[Dinochloinae]]:
*: 7 genera: ''[[Cyrtochloa]]'', ''[[Dinochloa]]'', ''[[Mullerochloa]]'', ''[[Neololeba]]'', ''[[Pinga (plant)|Pinga]]'', ''[[Parabambusa]]'', ''[[Sphaerobambos]]''.
* Subtribe [[Greslaniinae]]:
*: one genus: ''[[Greslania]]''.
* Subtribe [[Guaduinae]]:
*: 5 genera: ''[[Apoclada]]'', ''[[Eremocaulon]]'', ''[[Guadua]]'', ''[[Olmeca]]'', ''[[Otatea]]''.
* Subtribe [[Hickeliinae]]:
*: 9 genera: ''[[Cathariostachys]]'', ''[[Decaryochloa]]'', ''[[Hickelia]]'', ''[[Hitchcockella]]'', ''[[Nastus]]'', ''[[Perrierbambus]]'', ''[[Sirochloa]]'', ''[[Sokinochloa]]'', ''[[Valiha (plant)|Valiha]]''.
* Subtribe [[Holttumochloinae]]:
*: 3 genera: ''[[Holttumochloa]]'', ''[[Kinabaluchloa]]'', ''[[Nianhochloa]]''.
* Subtribe [[Melocanninae]]:
*: 9 genera: ''[[Annamocalamus]]'', ''[[Cephalostachyum]]'', ''[[Davidsea]]'', ''[[Melocanna]]'', ''[[Neohouzeaua]]'', ''[[Ochlandra]]'', ''[[Pseudostachyum]]'', ''[[Schizostachyum]]'', ''[[Stapletonia]]''.
* Subtribe [[Racemobambosinae]]:
*: 3 genera: ''[[Chloothamnus]]'', ''[[Racemobambos]]'', ''[[Widjajachloa]]''.
* Subtribe [[Temburongiinae]]:
*: one genus: ''[[Temburongia]]''.
* ''[[incertae sedis]]''
*: 2 genera: ''[[Ruhooglandia]]'', ''[[Temochloa]]''.
{{hidden end}}

{{hidden begin |title='''Tribe [[Arundinarieae]]''' (temperate woody bamboos)
|titlestyle=background:rgb(144,238,144);width:60%;}}
33 genera: ''[[Acidosasa]]'', ''[[Ampelocalamus]]'', ''[[Arundinaria]]'', ''[[Bashania]]'', ''[[Bergbambos]]'', ''[[Chimonobambusa]]'', ''[[Chimonocalamus]]'', ''[[Drepanostachyum]]'', ''[[Fargesia]]'', ''[[Ferrocalamus]]'', ''[[Gaoligongshania]]'', ''[[Gelidocalamus]]'', ''[[Himalayacalamus]]'', ''[[Indocalamus]]'', ''[[Indosasa]]'', ''[[Kuruna]]'', ''[[Oldeania]]'', ''[[Oligostachyum]]'', ''[[Phyllostachys]]'', ''[[Pleioblastus]]'', ''[[Pseudosasa]]'', ''[[Sarocalamus]]'', ''[[Sasa (plant)|Sasa]]'', ''[[Sasaella]]'', ''[[Sasamorpha]]'', ''[[Semiarundinaria]]'', ''[[Shibataea]]'', ''[[Sinobambusa]]'', ''[[Sinosasa]]'', ''[[Thamnocalamus]]'', ''[[Tongpeia]]'', ''[[Vietnamocalamus]]'', ''[[Yushania]]''.
{{hidden end}}