Editing Balance disorder (section)

==Signs and symptoms==
[[Cognitive]] dysfunction (disorientation) may occur with vestibular disorders.  Cognitive deficits are not just spatial in nature, but also include non-spatial functions such as object recognition memory.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}} Vestibular dysfunction has been shown to adversely affect processes of attention and increased demands of attention can worsen the postural sway associated with vestibular disorders. Recent [[MRI]] studies also show that humans with bilateral vestibular damage (damage to both [[inner ear]]s) undergo [[atrophy]] of the [[hippocampus]] which correlates with their degree of impairment on spatial memory tasks.<ref name="pmid15908735">{{cite journal | vauthors = Smith PF, Zheng Y, Horii A, Darlington CL | title = Does vestibular damage cause cognitive dysfunction in humans? | journal = J Vestib Res | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–9 | date = 2005 | doi = 10.3233/VES-2005-15101 | pmid = 15908735 }}</ref><ref name="pmid16141283">{{cite journal | vauthors = Brandt T, Schautzer F, Hamilton DA, Brüning R, Markowitsch HJ, Kalla R, Darlington C, Smith P, Strupp M | title = Vestibular loss causes hippocampal atrophy and impaired spatial memory in humans | journal = Brain | volume = 128 | issue = Pt 11 | pages = 2732–41 | date = November 2005 | pmid = 16141283 | doi = 10.1093/brain/awh617 | doi-access = free}}</ref>