Editing Bacteriophage (section)

== Classification ==
[[File:Bacteriophage P22 Casjens Lenk.png|thumb|right|Bacteriophage P22, a podovirus by morphology due to its short, non-contractile tail]]
[[File:Enterobacteria phage T2 transmission electron micrograph.jpg|thumb|Bacteriophage T2, a myovirus due to its contractile tail]]
Bacterial viruses lack common ancestry and, for that reason, are classified in many unrelated taxa, listed hereafter:<ref name=ictv >{{cite web |title=Virus Taxonomy: 2024 Release |url=https://ictv.global/taxonomy |publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses |access-date=20 April 2025}}</ref>

* In the realm ''[[Duplodnaviria]]'', the class ''[[Caudoviricetes]]'' contains bacterial viruses. Unlike the other taxa listed here, ''Caudoviricetes'' does not exclusively contain bacterial viruses; [[archaeal virus]]es are also included in the class.<ref>{{cite web |vauthors=Koonin EV, Dolja VV, Krupovic M, Varsani A, Wolf YI, Yutin N, Zerbini M, Kuhn JH |date=18 October 2019 |title=Create a megataxonomic framework, filling all principal/primary taxonomic ranks, for dsDNA viruses encoding HK97-type major capsid proteins |url=https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2019.004G.zip |format=docx |publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses |access-date=20 April 2025}}</ref> Caudoviruses are also called tailed viruses or head-tail viruses, and they are often sorted into three types based on tail morphology: podoviruses (short tail), myoviruses (long, contractile tail), and siphoviruses (long, non-contractile tail).<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Zinke M, Schröder GF, Lange A |date=January 2022 |title=Major tail proteins of bacteriophages of the order Caudovirales |journal=J Biol Chem |volume=298 |issue=1 |page=101472 |doi=10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101472 |pmc=8718954 |pmid=34890646}}</ref>
* In the realm ''[[Monodnaviria]]'', the kingdoms ''[[Loebvirae]]'' and ''[[Sangervirae]]'' contain bacterial viruses.<ref>{{cite web |vauthors=Koonin EV, Dolja VV, Krupovic M, Varsani A, Wolf YI, Yutin N, Zerbini M, Kuhn JH |date=18 October 2019 |title=Create a megataxonomic framework, filling all principal taxonomic ranks, for ssDNA viruses |url=https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2019.005G.zip |format=docx |publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses |access-date=20 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |vauthors=Knezevic P, Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM, Lavigne R |date= |title=Create one new order (''Tubulavirales'') including one new family (''Plectroviridae''), nineteen new genera and one new species |url=https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2019.061B.zip |format=docx |publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses |access-date=20 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Doore SM, Fane BA |date=April 2016 |title=The microviridae: Diversity, assembly, and experimental evolution |journal=Virology |volume=491 |issue= |pages=45–55 |doi=10.1016/j.virol.2016.01.020 |pmc= |pmid=26874016}}</ref>{{refn|group=note|''Loebvirae'' is monotypic down to its sole order, ''Tubulavirales'', and ''Sangervirae'' is monotypic down to its sole family, ''Microviridae''.<ref name=ictv />}}
* In the realm ''[[Riboviria]]'', the phylum ''[[Artimaviricota]]'',<ref>{{cite web |vauthors=Urayama SI, Fukudome A, Koonin EV, Nonoura T, Krupovic M |date=21 June 2024 |title=Create new phylum, "''Artimaviricota''" in the kingdom ''Orthornavirae'' (realm ''Riboviria'') for classification of a hyperthermophilic RNA virus |url=https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.039D.Artimaviricota_np.zip |format=docx |publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses |access-date=20 April 2025}}</ref>{{refn|group=note|''Artimaviricota'' contains just one species, ''Atsuirnavirus caloris''.<ref name=ictv />}} the class ''[[Vidaverviricetes]]'',<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Mäntynen S, Salomaa MM, Poranen MM |date=25 October 2023 |title=Diversity and Current Classification of dsRNA Bacteriophages |journal=Viruses |volume=15 |issue=11 |page=2154 |doi=10.3390/v15112154 |doi-access=free |pmc=10674327 |pmid=38005832}}</ref>{{refn|group=note|''Vidaverviricetes'' is monotypic down to its sole family, ''Cystoviridae''.<ref name=ictv />}} the class ''[[Leviviricetes]]'',<ref>{{cite web |vauthors=Callanan J, Stockdale SR, Adriaenssens EM, Kuhn JH, Pallen M, Rumnieks J, Shkoporov A, Draper LA, Ross RP, Hill C |date=26 November 2020 |title=Rename one class (''Leviviricetes'' - formerly ''Allassoviricetes''), rename one order (''Norzivirales'' - formerly ''Levivirales''), create one new order (''Timlovirales''), and expand the class to a total of six families, 420 genera and 883 species |url=https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2020.095B.R.Leviviricetes.zip |format=docx |publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses |access-date=20 April 2025}}</ref> and possibly the family ''[[Picobirnaviridae]]''<ref name=picobirna >{{cite journal |vauthors=Kashnikov AY, Epifanova NV, Novikova NA |date=June 2023 |title=On the nature of picobirnaviruses |journal=Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=264–275 |doi=10.18699/VJGB-23-32 |pmc=10244588 |pmid= 37293447}}</ref>{{refn|group=note|Picobirnaviruses are thought to be animal viruses, but there is evidence that they may be bacterial viruses.<ref name=picobirna />}} contain bacterial viruses.
* In the realm ''[[Singelaviria]]'', the family ''[[Matsushitaviridae]]'' contains bacterial viruses.<ref>{{cite web |vauthors=Oksanen HM, Krupovic M, Jalasvuori M |date=29 July 2020 |title=Create one new family (''Matsushitaviridae'') including one renamed genus (''Hukuchivirus'' – formerly ''Gammasphaerolipovirus'') moved from the family ''Sphaerolipoviridae'' (''Halopanivirales'') |url=https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2020.100B.R.Matsushitaviridae.zip |format=docx |publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses |access-date=20 April 2025}}</ref>
* In the realm ''[[Varidnaviria]]'', the class ''[[Ainoaviricetes]]'',<ref>{{cite web |vauthors=Laanto E, Mäntynen S, Sundberg LR, Kropinski AM, Adriaenssens EM, Poranen MM, Oksanen HM |date=3 June 2019 |title=Create one new family (''Finnlakeviridae'') including one new genus (''Finnlakevirus''), and one new species |url=https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2019.057B.zip |format=docx |publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses |access-date=20 April 2025}}</ref>{{refn|group=note|''Ainoaviricetes'' contains just one species, ''Finnlakevirus FLiP''.<ref name=ictv />}} the order ''[[Vinavirales]]'',<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Yutin N, Rayko M, Antipov D, Mutz P, Wolf YI, Krupovic M, Koonin EV |date=23 August 2022 |title=Varidnaviruses in the Human Gut: A Major Expansion of the Order ''Vinavirales'' |journal=Viruses |volume=14 |issue=9 |page=1842 |doi=10.3390/v14091842 |doi-access=free |pmc=9502842 |pmid=36146653}}</ref> and the subphylum ''[[Prepoliviricotina]]''<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Berjón-Otero M, Lechuga A, Mehla J, Uetz P, Salas M, Redrejo-Rodríguez M |date=12 September 2017 |title=Bam35 Tectivirus Intraviral Interaction Map Unveils New Function and Localization of Phage ORFan Proteins |journal=J Virol |volume=91 |issue=19 |page=e00870-17 |doi=10.1128/JVI.00870-17 |pmc=5599771 |pmid=28747494}}</ref>{{refn|group=note|''Prepoliviricotina'' is monotypic down to its sole family, ''Tectiviridae''.<ref name=ictv />}} contain bacterial viruses.
* Lastly, the families ''[[Obscuriviridae]]'' and ''[[Plasmaviridae]]'', which are unassigned to higher taxa, are bacterial virus families.<ref>{{cite web |vauthors=Bartlau N, Moraru C, Wichels A, Holmfeldt K, Amann RI |date=30 September 2024 |title=Create a new family, ''Obscuriviridae'' (Class: ''Caudoviricetes'') |url=https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.025B.Obscuriviridae_1nf_2ng_3ns.zip |format=docx |publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses |access-date=20 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Krupovic M |date=May 2018 |title=ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: ''Plasmaviridae'' |url=https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.001060#tab2 |journal=J Gen Virol |volume=99 |issue=5 |pages=617–618 |doi=10.1099/jgv.0.001060 |pmc= |pmid=29611799}}</ref>

The taxonomy of the aforementioned taxa can be visualized as follows, with bacterial virus taxa in bold:<ref name=ictv />
{{div col}}
* Realm: ''Duplodnaviria''
** Kingdom: ''Heunggongvirae''
*** Phylum: ''Uroviricota''
**** '''Class: ''[[Caudoviricetes]]'''''
* Realm: ''Monodnaviria''
** '''Kingdom: ''[[Loebvirae]]'''''
** '''Kingdom: ''[[Sangervirae]]'''''
* Realm: ''Riboviria''
** Kingdom: ''Orthornavirae''
*** '''Phylum: ''[[Artimaviricota]]'''''
*** Phylum: ''Duplornaviricota''
**** '''Class: ''[[Vidaverviricetes]]'''''
*** Phylum: ''Lenarviricota''
**** '''Class: ''[[Leviviricetes]]'''''
*** Phylum: ''Pisuviricota''
**** Class: ''Duplopiviricetes''
***** Order: ''Durnavirales''
****** '''Family: ''[[Picobirnaviridae]]'''''
* Realm: ''Singelaviria''
** Kingdom: ''Helvetiavirae''
*** Phylum: ''Dividoviricota''
**** Class: ''Laserviricetes''
***** Order: ''Halopanivirales''
****** '''Family: ''[[Matsushitaviridae]]'''''
* Realm: ''Varidnaviria''
** Kingdom: ''Abadenavirae''
*** Phylum: ''Produgelaviricota''
**** '''Class: ''[[Ainoaviricetes]]'''''
**** Class: ''Belvinaviricetes''
***** '''Order: ''[[Vinavirales]]'''''
** Kingdom: ''Bamfordvirae''
*** Phylum: ''Preplasmiviricota''
**** '''Subphylum: ''[[Prepoliviricotina]]'''''
* Unassigned taxa: '''''[[Obscuriviridae]]''''' and '''''[[Plasmaviridae]]'''''
{{div col end}}