Editing Baarle-Hertog (section)

==Geography==

===Border with Baarle-Nassau===
[[File:Baarle-Nassau - Baarle-Hertog-en.svg|thumb|Map showing the enclaves of {{Lang|nl|Baarle-Hertog|italic=no}}]]
{{Lang|nl|Baarle-Hertog|italic=no}} is noted for its complicated borders with {{Lang|nl|[[Baarle-Nassau]]|italic=no}}, [[Netherlands]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=González|first=Diego|date=January 17, 2010|title=Una cervecería en dos países|trans-title=A bar in Two Countries|url=https://fronterasblog.com/2010/01/18/una-cerveceria-en-dos-paises/|website=Fronteras|language=es}}</ref>

The border's complexity results from a number of medieval treaties, agreements, land-swaps and sales between the Lords of {{Lang|nl|[[Breda]]|italic=no}} and the [[Duke of Brabant|Dukes of Brabant]]. Generally speaking, predominantly agricultural or built environments became constituents of Brabant and other parts devolved to {{Lang|nl|Breda|italic=no}}. These distributions were ratified and clarified as a part of the border settlements agreed under the [[Treaty of Maastricht (1843)|Treaty of Maastricht]] in 1843. The tight integration of the [[European Union]] and in particular the [[Schengen Treaty|Schengen Agreement]] have made many of the practicalities of the situation substantially simpler since the 1990s.

In total, the municipality of Baarle-Hertog consists of 26 separate parcels of land. Four are linked to other Belgian municipalities, from west to east: the Baalbrugse Bemden, a strip of land along the Merkske, Zondereigen-Ginhoven and an area near Weelde-Station. The largest single section, [[Zondereigen]] (named after its main hamlet), is located within mainland Belgium on the contiguous [[Belgium–Netherlands border|Dutch-Belgian border]] (north of the town of {{Lang|nl|[[Merksplas]]|italic=no}}). In addition to this, there are 22 Belgian [[exclave]]s fully within the Netherlands. There are also seven Dutch enclaves within the Belgian exclaves (i.e., [[Enclaves and exclaves#Enclaves within enclaves|counter-exclaves]]) that are part of the territory of the Netherlands. Six of these Dutch enclaves are located within the largest Belgian exclave, and a seventh in the second-largest Belgian exclave. An eighth Dutch exclave is located near {{ill|Ginhoven|nl|Ginhoven (Baarle-Hertog)}}.

During the [[First World War]], this situation meant that the [[Imperial German Army]] could not occupy these parts of Belgium without crossing the Netherlands, which the Dutch government did not allow. Thus, these pieces of Belgium became a place where refugees could safely stay.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Frank|last=Jacobs|work=New York Times|url=https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/11/14/an-apology-of-enclaves/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220324192656/https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/11/14/an-apology-of-enclaves/ |archive-date=24 March 2022|url-status=dead|title=An Apology of Enclaves|date=14 November 2011}}</ref> A clandestine radio transmitter was smuggled in and from there worked with the Belgian resistance. The Dutch government fenced off these areas and controlled access in or out of them, building a church and school for the Belgian people who were effectively stranded within the enclaves.<ref>{{Citation |title=Enclavegeschiedenis van Baarle |date=2022-11-15 |url=https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enclavegeschiedenis_van_Baarle&oldid=63292421 |work=Wikipedia |language=nl |access-date=2022-11-26}}</ref>{{Circular reference|date=March 2019}}  This situation did not exist in the [[Second World War]], as both countries were occupied by [[Nazi Germany]].

Some houses in the town of {{Lang|nl|Baarle-Hertog|italic=no}}/{{Lang|nl|Baarle-Nassau|italic=no}} are divided between the two countries. At one time, differences between laws meant restaurants in the Netherlands had to close earlier than those in Belgium. For some restaurants directly on the border, this simply meant that customers had to move to a table on the Belgian side.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amusingplanet.com/2012/11/the-curious-case-of-baarle-nassau-and.html |title=The Curious Case of Baarle-Nassau and Baarle-Hertog |publisher=Amusingplanet.com |date=2012-11-06 |access-date=2014-08-01}}</ref> In 2020, restrictions due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] differed between the two countries; for instance, preventing a Belgian citizen living metres away from an open Dutch bar from patronising it.<ref>{{cite web |date=2020-06-05 |title=Coronavirus: Dining for some, whining for others in border town Baarle |url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/europe/article/coronavirus-dining-for-some-whining-for-others-in-border-town-msrwhrzkk |access-date=2020-06-05 |work=The Times}}</ref>

Many [[firework]]s shops are found in {{Lang|nl|Baarle-Hertog|italic=no}}, as Belgian laws controlling the sale of fireworks are more lenient than those of the Netherlands. Many Dutch tourists come to {{Lang|nl|Baarle-Hertog|italic=no}} to buy fireworks to celebrate the New Year.

Two villages in the municipality, [[Zondereigen]] and Ginhoven, are located in the main territory of Belgium.

<gallery>
File:Baarle-Nassau frontière café.jpg|Café in {{Lang|nl|[[Baarle-Nassau]]|italic=no}}, showing border between Belgium and the Netherlands
File:P1020708Sint-Remigiuskerk.JPG|Church of [[Saint Remigius]]
</gallery>

===List of enclaves===

====Netherlands enclaves====
These are all part of {{Lang|nl|Baarle-Nassau|italic=no}} municipality.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left; font-size:87%; border:1; cellpadding:5; cellspacing:0;"
|- bgcolor="#ececec"
!scope="col" width="275px"|Serial no. and local name<ref name=Whyte2>{{cite book| first=Brendan | last=Whyte | title="En Territoire Belge et à Quarante Centimètres de la Frontière" An historical and documentary study of the Belgian and Dutch enclaves of Baarle-Hertog and Baarle-Nassau | isbn=0-7340-3032-0 | publisher = The University of Melbourne, School of Anthropology, Geography and Environmental Studies | year=2004}}</ref>
!scope="col" width="50px" data-sort-type="number"|Area (ha)

!area
acre
! scope="col" width="525px" class="unsortable" |Notes
<onlyinclude>
|-
|{{flagicon|NED}} N1, {{Lang|nl|De Loversche Akkers – De Tommelsche Akkers|italic=no}}||5.3667
|13.2615||Counter-enclave surrounded by Belgian exclave H1, in {{Lang|nl|Baarle-Hertog|italic=no}}; contains a mix of dwellings and farmland; boundary of N1 and H1 runs through one building.
|-
|{{flagicon|NED}} N2, {{Lang|nl|De Tommelsche Akkers|italic=no}}||1.3751
|3.3981||Counter-enclave surrounded by Belgian exclave H1, in {{Lang|nl|Baarle-Hertog|italic=no}}; contains 8 dwellings.
|-
|{{flagicon|NED}} N3, {{Lang|nl|De Tommelsche Akkers|italic=no}}||0.2863
|0.7075||Counter-enclave surrounded by Belgian exclave H1, in {{Lang|nl|Baarle-Hertog|italic=no}}; boundary of N3 and H1 bisects the loading dock of a liquor store.
|-
|{{flagicon|NED}} N4, {{Lang|nl|De Rethsche Akkers|italic=no}}||1.2324
|3.0454||Counter-enclave surrounded by Belgian exclave H1, in {{Lang|nl|Baarle-Hertog|italic=no}}; boundary of N4 and H1 runs through a warehouse, with vacant Dutch land to the rear of the warehouse.
|-
|{{flagicon|NED}} N5, {{Lang|nl|De Rethsche Akkers|italic=no}}||1.9212
|4.7475||Counter-enclave surrounded by Belgian exclave H1, in {{Lang|nl|Baarle-Hertog|italic=no}}; boundary of N5 and H1 runs through a furniture showroom, a shed and a barn.
|-
|{{flagicon|NED}} N6, {{Lang|nl|Gierle Straat|italic=no}}||1.4527
|3.5898||Counter-enclave surrounded by Belgian exclave H1, in {{Lang|nl|Baarle-Hertog|italic=no}}; consists of farmland with two buildings.
|-
|{{flagicon|NED}} N7, {{Lang|nl|De Kastelein|italic=no}}||0.5812
|1.4363||Counter-enclave surrounded by Belgian Oordeel exclave H8, in {{Lang|nl|Baarle-Hertog|italic=no}}; occupies part of a field.
|-
|{{flagicon|NED}} N8, Vossenberg||2.8528
|7.0496||Farmland enclave situated within Zondereigen, Belgium, less than 50 meters south of the Dutch border.
|-
</onlyinclude>
|}

====Belgian enclaves====
These are all part of {{Lang|nl|Baarle-Hertog|italic=no}} municipality, and are surrounded by {{Lang|nl|Baarle-Nassau|italic=no}} municipality (Netherlands).

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left; font-size:87%; border:1; cellpadding:5; cellspacing:0;"
|- bgcolor="#ececec"
!scope="col" width="350px"|Serial no. and local name<ref name="Whyte2"/>
!scope="col" width="50px" data-sort-type="number"|Area (ha)

!area
acre
! scope="col" width="450px" class="unsortable" |Notes
<onlyinclude>
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H1, Aen het Klooster Straetje - Hoofdbraek - Loveren - De Boschcovensche Akkers - De Loversche Akkers - De Tommelsche Akkers - De Tommel - De Gierle Straat - De Reth - De Rethsche Akkers - Het Dorp - De Kapel Akkers - De Kastelein ||153.6448
|379.6717||Forms a [[quadripoint]] with enclave H2; largest Belgian exclave; encompasses six Dutch enclaves; consists of dwellings for the most part, with outlying farmland and an industrial area; boundary runs through numerous buildings; contains a portion of the former Turnhout-Tilburg rail line, now a cycle path.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H2, {{Lang|nl|De Rethsche Akkers|italic=no}}||2.4116
|5.9594||Consists of farmland with a single point of connection (quadripoint) between enclaves H1 and H2 in the middle of a corn field.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H3, {{Lang|nl|De Rethsche Akkers|italic=no}}||0.3428
|0.8471||Occupies part of a field; boundary runs through a shed in one instance.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H4, {{Lang|nl|De Rethsche Akkers|italic=no}}||1.476
|3.6474||Consists of farmland; boundary runs through a house and three sheds.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H5, De Kapel Akkers||0.9245
|2.2846||Consists of farmland with a dwelling.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H6, Hoofdbraek||1.7461
|4.3148||Mixed land usage; boundary runs through a warehouse/factory.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H7, De Loversche Akkers||0.2469
|0.6102||Boundary runs through two dwellings, including the middle of one front door (giving it two house numbers: Loveren 2, {{Lang|nl|Baarle-Hertog|italic=no}} / Loveren 19, {{Lang|nl|Baarle-Nassau|italic=no}}).
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H8, Boschcoven - De Kastelein - De Oordelsche Straat||41.8781
|103.485||Second-largest Belgian exclave, contains a mix of dwellings and farmland; boundary runs through a barn, a dwelling and two businesses.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H9, De Kapel Akkers||0.4005
|0.9897||Boundary runs through a printing factory/warehouse in an industrial area.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H10, De Oordelsche Straat||0.65
|1.6063||Consists of farmland.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H11, De Oordelsche Straat||0.93
|2.2982||Consists of farmland.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H12, Boschcoven||0.2822
|0.6974||Consists of farmland.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H13, Boschcoven||1.5346
|3.7922||Boundary runs through about 20 dwellings.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H14, Boschcoven||0.7193
|1.7774||Boundary runs through about 13 dwellings.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H15, Boschcoven||1.7211
|4.2531||Boundary runs through about 16 dwellings.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H16, Keizershoek - Oordelsche Straat||4.4252
|10.9352||Boundary runs through a house and three sheds; inside one of the sheds, the linear boundary changes direction three times
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H17, Moleriet Heide||14.9248
|36.8807||Rural area containing a portion of the former Turnhout-Tilburg rail line, now a cycle path.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H18, De Manke Gooren||2.9247
|7.2273||Consists of farmland.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H19, De Peruiters||0.6851
|1.693||Consists of several ponds and a field.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H20, Wurstenbosch - Vossenberg||1.1681
|2.8865||Consists of farmland.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H21, Baelbrugsche Beemden||1.1845
|2.9271||Consists of farmland.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H22, De Wit Hagen||0.2632
|0.6504||South of the village of Ulicoten; occupies part of a field; nationality was contested from the 1830s until 1995 (remained unallocated to either country in boundary treaty of 26 April 1974)
|-
</onlyinclude>
|}

===Climate===
{{Weather box|width=auto
|location = Baarle-Hertog (1991−2020 normals<!--, extremes 1901−present -->)
|single line = Y
|metric first = Y
|collapsed = Y
|Jan record high C = 
|Feb record high C = 
|Mar record high C = 
|Apr record high C = 
|May record high C = 
|Jun record high C = 
|Jul record high C = 
|Aug record high C = 
|Sep record high C = 
|Oct record high C = 
|Nov record high C = 
|Dec record high C = 
|Jan record low C = 
|Feb record low C = 
|Mar record low C = 
|Apr record low C = 
|May record low C = 
|Jun record low C = 
|Jul record low C = 
|Aug record low C = 
|Sep record low C = 
|Oct record low C = 
|Nov record low C = 
|Dec record low C = 
|Jan high C = 6.3
|Feb high C = 7.4
|Mar high C = 11.0
|Apr high C = 15.4
|May high C = 18.9
|Jun high C = 21.6
|Jul high C = 23.6
|Aug high C = 23.4
|Sep high C = 19.8
|Oct high C = 15.1
|Nov high C = 10.1
|Dec high C = 6.7
|year high C = 14.9
|Jan mean C = 3.6
|Feb mean C = 4.0
|Mar mean C = 6.8
|Apr mean C = 10.1
|May mean C = 13.8
|Jun mean C = 16.7
|Jul mean C = 18.7
|Aug mean C = 18.3
|Sep mean C = 15.1
|Oct mean C = 11.2
|Nov mean C = 7.1
|Dec mean C = 4.2
|year mean C = 10.8
|Jan low C = 0.9
|Feb low C = 0.8
|Mar low C = 2.6
|Apr low C = 4.8
|May low C = 8.7
|Jun low C = 11.8
|Jul low C = 13.8
|Aug low C = 13.2
|Sep low C = 10.3
|Oct low C = 7.3
|Nov low C = 4.1
|Dec low C = 1.6
|year low C = 6.7
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 75.8
|Feb precipitation mm = 69.9
|Mar precipitation mm = 59.3
|Apr precipitation mm = 45.3
|May precipitation mm = 62.3
|Jun precipitation mm = 76.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 84.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 83.2
|Sep precipitation mm = 71.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 73.9
|Nov precipitation mm = 83.6
|Dec precipitation mm = 96.6
|year precipitation mm = 882.2
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 12.9
|Feb precipitation days = 12.0
|Mar precipitation days = 10.8
|Apr precipitation days = 8.9
|May precipitation days = 9.9
|Jun precipitation days = 10.3
|Jul precipitation days = 11.3
|Aug precipitation days = 11.0
|Sep precipitation days = 10.4
|Oct precipitation days = 11.2
|Nov precipitation days = 13.2
|Dec precipitation days = 14.7
|year precipitation days = 136.6
|Jan sun = 63
|Feb sun = 81
|Mar sun = 136
|Apr sun = 190
|May sun = 217
|Jun sun = 215
|Jul sun = 220
|Aug sun = 205
|Sep sun = 162
|Oct sun = 117
|Nov sun = 69
|Dec sun = 53
|year sun = 1726
|source 1 = [[Royal Meteorological Institute]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.meteo.be/resources/climatology/climateCity/pdf/climate_INS13002_9120_nl.pdf
| title = Luchttemperatuur en neerslag Referentieperiode: 1991-2020
| language = nl
| publisher = [[Royal Meteorological Institute]]
| access-date = July 7, 2022}}</ref>}}