Editing Avignon Papacy (section)

==Avignon popes==
Among the popes who resided in Avignon, subsequent Catholic historiography grants legitimacy to these:
*[[Pope Clement V]]: 1305–1314 (curia moved to Avignon, 9 March 1309)
*[[Pope John XXII]]: 1316–1334
*[[Pope Benedict XII]]: 1334–1342
*[[Pope Clement VI]]: 1342–1352
*[[Pope Innocent VI]]: 1352–1362
*[[Pope Urban V]]: 1362–1370 (in Rome 1367–1370; returned to Avignon 1370)
*[[Pope Gregory XI]]: 1370–1378 (left Avignon to return to Rome on 13 September 1376)

The two Avignon-based [[antipope]]s were:
*[[Antipope Clement VII|Clement VII]]: 1378–1394
*[[Antipope Benedict XIII|Benedict XIII]]: 1394–1423 (expelled from Avignon in 1403)
Benedict XIII was succeeded by three antipopes, who had little or no public following, and were not resident at Avignon:
*[[Antipope Clement VIII|Clement VIII]]: 1423–1429 (recognized in the [[Crown of Aragon]]; abdicated)
*[[Antipope Benedict XIV|Benedict XIV (Bernard Garnier)]]: 1424–1429 or 1430
*[[Antipope Benedict XIV|Benedict XIV (Jean Carrier)]]: 1430?–1437

[[File:Avignon, Palais des Papes by JM Rosier.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The [[Palais des Papes|Papal palace]] in [[Avignon]], France]]

The period from 1378 to 1417, when there were rival claimants to the title of pope, is referred to as the "[[Western Schism]]" or "the great controversy of the antipopes" by some Catholic scholars and "the second great schism" by many secular and Protestant historians. Parties within the Catholic Church were divided in their allegiance among the various claimants to the office of pope. The [[Council of Constance]] finally resolved the controversy in 1417 when the election of [[Pope Martin V]] was accepted by all.

Avignon and the small [[enclave and exclave|enclave]] to the east (''[[Comtat Venaissin]]'') remained part of the [[Papal States]] until 1791 when, under pressure from [[French Revolution]]aries, they were absorbed by the short-lived revolutionary [[Kingdom of France (1791–92)]], which, in turn, was abolished in favor of the [[French First Republic]] the following year.<ref>P. M. Jones, ''Reform and Revolution in France: The Politics of Transition, 1774–1791'', (Cambridge University Press, 1995), 13.</ref>