Editing Avalon, New Jersey (section)

==History==
Around 14,000&nbsp;years ago, the [[barrier island]]s of [[Cape May County, New Jersey|Cape May County]] formed, likely from [[spit (landform)|spit]]s and lines of [[dune]]s.<ref name="geo">Lucey, Carol S. [https://www.state.nj.us/dep/njgs/enviroed/county-series/Cape%20May_County.pdf Geology of Cape May County in Brief], [[New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection]], 1976. Accessed October 26, 2019.</ref> Originally a thriving juniper forest occupied by [[Lenape|Lenni Lenape]] [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]], the area was purchased by Aaron Leaming in December 1722 for 79 pounds. Known as Seven Mile Beach (which included present-day Avalon and [[Stone Harbor, New Jersey|Stone Harbor]]), it was owned and retained by the Leamings for approximately 100 years. Unconfirmed legends say that pirates buried their bounty on Seven Mile Island, and that [[Henry Hudson]] may have dropped anchor somewhere offshore. The island served as a cattle range and was also used for its plentiful timber. The Leamings eventually sold the land, and the island exchanged hands in a number of transactions afterwards. In April 1887, the Seven Mile Beach company was formed. As early as 1893, Avalon was advertised as a resort town. With this rapid development, homes and businesses were erected. The native [[juniper]] forest was graded and cut, and the sandy hills were leveled off, making the island mostly flat. Today it is extremely rare to see hills or native juniper in Avalon.

Avalon was incorporated as a borough by an act of the [[New Jersey Legislature]] on April 18, 1892, from portions of [[Middle Township, New Jersey|Middle Township]], based on the results of a referendum held two days earlier. The borough was reincorporated on March 6, 1896, and again on May 4, 1897. Another portion of Middle Township was annexed in 1910. On December 27, 1941, portions of Avalon were ceded to [[Stone Harbor, New Jersey|Stone Harbor]].<ref name=Story>Snyder, John P. [https://www.state.nj.us/dep/njgs/enviroed/oldpubs/bulletin67.pdf ''The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968''], Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 113. Accessed July 7, 2012.</ref> The borough is named for [[Avalon]] of [[King Arthur|Arthurian legend]].<ref>Hutchinson, Viola L. [http://mapmaker.rutgers.edu/356/nj_place_names_origin.pdf#page=7 ''The Origin of New Jersey Place Names''], New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed August 27, 2015.</ref>

On January 4, 1890, the ''Commonwealth'', piloted by Captain W.S. Willets, sank. This 197-ton ship was en route from [[New York City]] to [[Philadelphia]] with a cargo of molasses, coffee, tobacco, tea, coconut oil, and camphor. Straying from its course in rough weather, the ''Commonwealth'' ran aground in Townsend's Inlet. The crew was rescued and most of the cargo was salvaged. However, after a week trapped in the sandy bottom of the inlet, the ship began to come apart in the waves. Some of the remaining cargo washed ashore and most of it was taken by the early residents of Avalon. The wreck, unable to be recovered, was sold to John Townshend on February 2.

[[File:AvalonPier.jpg|thumb|A plaque placed in July 2004, recognizing the “Site of the Avalon Pier 1929-1980”.]]
By the early 1900s, the Leaming Railroad bridge was constructed, allowing train connections into the town. This increased the traffic from nearby [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Around 1944 the West Jersey and Seashore railroad lines merged with the [[Reading Company|Reading Railroad]]. This effectively ended the era of travel by train to the island. A hurricane took several streets and Avalon now has a north end beginning at 7th street. In the mid-1950s the Wolfington Family of Philadelphia purchased and operated the Puritan Hotel later enlarged and renamed the Whitebriar Hotel on the beach block at 21st Street. The Whitebriar was managed for two seasons in the mid-1950s, one of the future 'great hosts' of several hotels in the Greater Philadelphia area, Robert C. Bennett. He was the son of another 'famous' hotelier, Claude H. Bennett of the Bellevue Stratford Hotel in Philadelphia. Currently the most widely used method of transportation to and from Avalon is by car or boat; however, buses run on a regular schedule all over the shore towns.