Editing Australian Kelpie (section)

==History==
[[File:Casterton Kelpie Monument 001.JPG|thumb|The Kelpie Monument in [[Casterton, Victoria|Casterton]], "Birthplace of the Kelpie".]]
[[Image:Australian Kelpie circa 1915.jpg|thumb|right|Kelpie circa 1915]]

The ancestors of most Kelpies were British dogs known loosely as [[collies]] (sometimes spelled colleys). These were mostly black, or very dark brown, dogs – hence the name collie, which has the same root as coal.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=coal&searchmode=none|title= coal| work= Online Etymology Dictionary| via=etymonline.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=collie&searchmode=none|title= collie| work= Online Etymology Dictionary|via= etymonline.com}}</ref> (The official collie breeds were not formed until about 10 or 15 years after the Kelpie was established as a breed,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geocities.com/Petsburgh/6392/beginnings.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413091606/http://www.geocities.com/Petsburgh/6392/beginnings.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 April 2008|title=beginnings|date=13 April 2008|publisher= Petsburgh| via= geocities.com}}</ref> and the first recognised [[Border Collie]] was not brought to Australia until after the [[Federation of Australia|Federation]] in 1901).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geocities.com/Petsburgh/6392/early.htm| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071209194204/http://www.geocities.com/Petsburgh/6392/early.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 December 2007|title=early|date=9 December 2007|publisher= Petsburgh| via= geocities.com}}</ref> Some collies were imported to Australia for stock work in the early 19th century, and were bred with other types of dogs – usually with an eye to working sheep without direct supervision.

For much of the 20th century and early 21st century, it was claimed that kelpies were partly descended from [[dingo]]es.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-09/kelpie-the-mysterious-origins-of-the-australian-working-dog/7309992|title=The mysterious origins of the Australian kelpie|date=9 April 2016|website= abc.net.au}}</ref> In 2019, it was widely reported<ref>{{Cite web|title=Strewth! Turns out your kelpie is not a dingo|url=https://www.sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2019/05/27/strewth--turns-out-your-kelpie-is-not-a-dingo.html|access-date=2021-09-14|website=The University of Sydney|language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-27|title=All kelpie: Study finds no dingo DNA in iconic working dog breed|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2019-06-28/kelpie-study-finds-no-detectable-dingo-dna/11250106|access-date=2021-09-14|website=www.abc.net.au|language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-01|title=Australian kelpies are not related to dingoes, but why owners wanted them to be? - Technology OrgTechnology Org|url=https://www.technology.org/2019/06/01/australian-kelpies-are-not-related-to-dingoes-but-why-owners-wanted-them-to-be/|access-date=2021-09-14|language=en-US}}</ref> that a [[genome|genomic]] study conducted by researchers from the University of Sydney indicated that the kelpie had no dingo ancestry<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.3390/genes10050337|title=Genomic Characterization of External Morphology Traits in Kelpies Does Not Support Common Ancestry with the Australian Dingo|journal=Genes|volume=10|issue=5|pages=337|year=2019|last1=Chew|first1=Tracy|last2=Willet|first2=Cali E.|last3=Haase|first3=Bianca|last4=Wade|first4=Claire M.|pmid=31058880|pmc=6563003|doi-access=free}}</ref> although this is still uncertain. Claire Wade, co-author of the study's paper, said that she has never suggested there was "no dingo blood in the Kelpie breed" as the media reported.<ref name="wkc"/> Wade explained:

{{quote|The genes studied in our analysis were specifically chosen because it is those aspects of Kelpies (the ears and the ginger/cream colours) that lead most everyday people to presume the relationship between Kelpie and dingo. The evidence of our study proves conclusively that, at least for those characteristics, there is no evidence for relationship to be found.<ref name="wkc">{{Cite web|title=Dingo Involvement in the Kelpie|url=http://www.wkc.org.au/News-Articles/Dingo-Involvement-in-the-Kelpie.php|access-date=2021-09-14|website=www.wkc.org.au}}</ref>}}

The first dog known as a Kelpie was a black and tan female pup with floppy ears bought by Jack Gleeson about 1872<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite book| last= Parsons| first= Anthony D.| title= The Working Kelpie| publisher= Nelson| location= Melbourne| year= 1986| isbn= 9780170067621}}</ref> from a litter born on Warrock Station near [[Casterton, Victoria|Casterton]], owned by [[George Croom Robertson|George Robertson]], a Scot.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/inquirer/the-victor-trumpers-of-working-dog-trials/news-story/2eb10fa616d3fdc9dab7202257cf225a|title=The Victor Trumpers of sheep dog trials|date=1 July 2011|access-date=14 September 2018}}</ref> This dog was named after the [[kelpie]], a mythological shapeshifting water spirit of [[Celtic mythology|Celtic]] folklore.<ref>[http://www.wkc.org.au/Foundation.html#GLEESON The Kelpie Foundation & John D Jack Gleeson<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230170142/http://www.wkc.org.au/Foundation.html#GLEESON |date=30 December 2006 }}</ref> In later years she was referred to as "(Gleeson's) Kelpie", to differentiate her from "(King's) Kelpie", her daughter.

The second "Kelpie" was "(King's) Kelpie", another black and tan bitch out of "Kelpie" by "Caesar", a pup from two [[sheepdog]]s imported from Scotland. "(King's) Kelpie" tied for the prestigious Forbes Trial in 1879,<ref>[http://www.wkc.org.au/HisDtrialsHTML.htm#ForbesSheepdogTrial Historical Sheepdog Trials<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929053122/http://www.wkc.org.au/HisDtrialsHTML.htm#ForbesSheepdogTrial |date=29 September 2006 }}</ref> and the strain was soon popularly referred to as "Kelpie's pups", or just Kelpies. The King brothers joined another breeder, McLeod, to form a dog breeding partnership whose dogs dominated trials during 1900 to 1920.<ref name="ReferenceA" />

An early Kelpie, Sally, was mated to Moss, a Smooth Collie, and she produced a black pup that was named Barb after [[The Barb]], a black horse which had won the [[Melbourne Cup]] in 1866. Consequently, black Kelpies became known as Barb Kelpies or Barbs.<ref name="Sloane"/>

There were a number of Kelpies named Red Cloud. The first and most famous was John Quinn's Red Cloud in the early 20th century. In the 1960s, another Red Cloud became well known in Western Australia. This started the tradition in Western Australia of calling all Red or Red and Tan Kelpies, especially those with white chests, Red Cloud Kelpies.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.heydogs.com/breeds/a/australian-kelpie.html |title= Australian Kelpie| website= HeyDogs.com| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090603184300/http://www.heydogs.com/breeds/a/australian-kelpie.html |archive-date= 3 June 2009 | access-date= 6 November 2009}}</ref> Other notable specimens include [[Gunner (dog)|Gunner]] and [[Red Dog (Pilbara)|Red Dog]] (c. 1971 – 21 November 1979), a Kelpie mix which was the subject of a movie, ''[[Red Dog (film)|Red Dog]]'', released in 2011.

Kelpies have been exported to many countries including [[Argentina]], Canada, Italy, [[Korea]], [[New Caledonia]], New Zealand, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States for various pursuits.<ref name="Sloane"/>

By 1990, Kelpies had been trained as [[scent dog]]s with good success rates. In Sweden they have been widely used for tracking and rescue work.<ref name= Sloane>{{cite book| last= Sloane| first= Steve| title= Australian Kelpie| publisher= TFH Publications, Inc.| location= US| year= 1990| isbn= 9780866228664}}</ref>