Editing August 27 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[410]] &ndash; The [[Sack of Rome (410)|sacking]] of [[Ancient Rome|Rome]] by the [[Visigoths]] ends after three days.
*[[1172]] &ndash; [[Henry the Young King]] and [[Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary|Margaret of France]] are crowned junior king and queen of England.
*[[1232]] &ndash; [[Shikken]] [[Hojo Yasutoki]] of the [[Kamakura shogunate]] promulgates the [[Goseibai Shikimoku]], the first [[Law of Japan|Japanese legal code]] governing the ''[[samurai]]'' class.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Azuma Kagami (Hōjōbon) |at=Scroll 28 |language=ja}} For date conversion, see {{Cite book |last=Zhang |first=Peiyu |title=三千五百年历日天象 |publisher=Elephant Press |year=1997 |language=zh}}</ref>
*[[1353]] &ndash; [[War of the Straits]] and [[Sardinian–Aragonese war]]: The [[Battle of Alghero]] results in a crushing victory of the allied Aragonese and Venetian fleet over the Genoese fleet, most of which is captured.<ref>{{cite book | last = Musarra | first = Antonio | title = Il Grifo e il Leone: Genova e Venezia in lotta per il Mediterraneo | year = 2020 | publisher = Editori Laterza | location = Bari and Rome | isbn = 978-88-581-4072-7 | language = Italian | pages=237–238 }}</ref>
*[[1557]] &ndash; The [[Battle of St. Quentin (1557)|Battle of St. Quentin]] results in [[Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy|Emmanuel Philibert]] becoming Duke of Savoy.
*[[1593]] &ndash; [[Pierre Barrière]] failed an attempt to assassinate [[Henry IV of France]].
*[[1597]] &ndash; [[Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)#Chongyu War: Japanese second invasion (1597–1598)|Jeongyu War]]: [[Battle of Chilcheollyang]]: A Japanese fleet of 500 ships destroys [[Joseon dynasty|Joseon]] commander [[Won Gyun]]'s fleet of 200 ships at Chilcheollyang.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hawley |first=Samuel |title=The Imjin War: Japan's Sixteenth-Century Invasion of Korea and Attempt to Conquer China |publisher=Conquistador Press |year=2014 |isbn=9780992078621 |edition=2nd |pages=488–491 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1600]] &ndash; [[Ishida Mitsunari]]'s Western Army commences the [[Siege of Fushimi Castle]], which is lightly defended by a much smaller [[Tokugawa clan|Tokugawa]] garrison led by [[Torii Mototada]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bryant |first=Anthony J. |title=Sekigahara 1600: The Final Struggle For Power |publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]] |year=1995 |isbn=9781855323957 |location=Oxford, UK |page=38 |language=en}}</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1689]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Nerchinsk]] is signed by [[Tsardom of Russia|Russia]] and the [[Qing Empire]] ([[Julian calendar]]).
*[[1776]] &ndash; American Revolutionary War: Members of the [[1st Maryland Regiment]] repeatedly charged a numerically superior British force during the [[Battle of Long Island]], allowing [[George Washington|General Washington]] and the rest of the American troops to escape.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Precious Hour in American History The Maryland 400 at Long Island |url=http://www.mdva.state.md.us/MMMC/md400.html |website=www.mdva.state.md.us |publisher=Maryland Department of Veterans Affairs |access-date=March 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305134522/http://www.mdva.state.md.us/MMMC/md400.html |archive-date=March 5, 2012 |quote=...and the heroic stand and counter attack by the members of the Maryland 400 is still recognized as the State's major contribution to the struggle for independence. ... only ten (including Major Gist) of the 250 heroic Marylanders in his gallant counter-attack force had returned.|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[1791]] &ndash; [[French Revolution]]: [[Frederick William II of Prussia]] and [[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor]], issue the [[Declaration of Pillnitz]], declaring the joint support of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] and [[Prussia]] for the [[Kingdom of France|French monarchy]], agitating the French revolutionaries and contributing to the outbreak of the [[War of the First Coalition]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Browning |first=Oscar |date=1897 |title=The Conference of Pillnitz |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3678218 |journal=Transactions of the Royal Historical Society |volume=11 |pages=133–138 |doi=10.2307/3678218 |jstor=3678218 |s2cid=179001356 }}</ref>
*[[1793]] &ndash; [[French Revolutionary Wars]]: The city of [[Toulon]] revolts against the [[French First Republic|French Republic]] and admits the British and Spanish fleets to seize [[Military port of Toulon|its port]], leading to the [[Siege of Toulon]] by [[French Revolutionary Army|French Revolutionary forces]].
*[[1798]] &ndash; [[Wolfe Tone]]'s [[Society of United Irishmen|United Irish]] and [[French Revolutionary Army|French forces]] clash with the [[British Army]] in the [[Battle of Castlebar]], part of the [[Irish Rebellion of 1798]], resulting in the creation of the [[French client republic|French puppet]] [[Republic of Connacht]].
*[[1810]] &ndash; [[Napoleonic Wars]]: The French Navy [[Battle of Grand Port|defeats]] the British Royal Navy, preventing them from taking the harbour of [[Grand Port District|Grand Port]] on [[Mauritius|Île de France]].
*[[1813]] &ndash; French Emperor [[Napoleon I]] defeats a larger force of [[Austrian Empire|Austria]]ns, [[Russian Empire|Russia]]ns, and [[Prussia]]ns at the [[Battle of Dresden]].
*[[1828]] &ndash; Brazil and Argentina recognize the sovereignty of Uruguay in the [[Treaty of Montevideo (1828)|Treaty of Montevideo]].
*[[1832]] &ndash; [[Black Hawk (Sauk leader)|Black Hawk]], leader of the [[Sauk people|Sauk]] tribe of Native Americans, surrenders to U.S. authorities, ending the [[Black Hawk War]].
*[[1859]] &ndash; [[Petroleum]] is discovered in [[Titusville, Pennsylvania]], leading to the world's first commercially successful [[oil well]].
*[[1881]] &ndash; The [[1881 Atlantic hurricane season#Hurricane Five|Georgia hurricane]] makes landfall near [[Savannah, Georgia]], resulting in an estimated 700 deaths.
*[[1883]] &ndash; [[1883 eruption of Krakatoa|Eruption of Krakatoa]]: Four enormous explosions almost completely destroy the island of Krakatoa and cause years of climate change.
*[[1893]] &ndash; The [[1893 Sea Islands hurricane|Sea Islands hurricane]] strikes the United States near [[Savannah, Georgia]], killing between 1,000 and 2,000 people.
*[[1895]] &ndash; [[Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895)|Japanese invasion of Taiwan]]: [[Battle of Baguashan]]: The [[Empire of Japan]] decisively defeats a smaller [[Republic of Formosa|Formosan]] army at [[Changhua]], crippling the short-lived [[Republic of Formosa]] and leading to its surrender two months later.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Davidson |first1=James W. |author-link=James W. Davidson |title=The Island of Formosa, Past and Present: History, people, resources, and commercial prospects: Tea, camphor, sugar, gold, coal, sulphur, economical plants, and other productions |year=1903 |publisher=Macmillan |pages=334–339 |url=https://archive.org/details/islandofformosap00davi |location=London and New York |ol=6931635M |oclc=1887893 }}</ref>
*[[1896]] &ndash; [[Anglo-Zanzibar War]]: The shortest war in world history (09:02 to 09:40), between the United Kingdom and [[Zanzibar]].

===1901–present===
*[[1908]] &ndash; The [[Qing dynasty]] promulgates the [[Principles of the Constitution (1908)|Qinding Xianfa Dagang]], the first constitutional document in the [[history of China]], transforming the Qing empire into a [[constitutional monarchy]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Yong'an Ren|author2=Xianyang Lu|title=A New Study on the Judicial Administrative System with Chinese Characteristics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=edTkDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA22|date=2020|publisher=Springer Nature|isbn=9789811541827|page=22}}</ref>
*[[1914]] &ndash; [[World War I]]: [[Battle of Étreux]]: A British rearguard action by the [[Royal Munster Fusiliers]] during the [[Great Retreat]]. 
* 1914 &ndash; World War I: [[Siege of Tsingtao]]: A Japanese fleet commanded by Vice Admiral [[Sadakichi Kato]] imposes a blockade along the whole coastline of [[Qingdao#German and Japanese occupations|German Tsingtao]], initiating the [[Siege of Tsingtao]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stephenson |first=Charles |title=The Siege of Tsingtau |publisher=[[Pen & Sword Books]] |year=2017 |isbn=9781526702951 |location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire |pages=89–92 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1915]] &ndash; Attempted [[assassination]] of [[Patrick Richard Heffron|Bishop Patrick Heffron]], [[bishop]] of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Winona–Rochester|Diocese of Winona]], by [[The Reverend#Roman Catholic|Rev.]] Louis M. Lesches.
*[[1916]] &ndash; World War I: The [[Kingdom of Romania]] declares war on [[Austria-Hungary]], entering the war as one of the [[Allies of World War I|Allied nations]].
*[[1918]] &ndash; [[Mexican Revolution]]: [[Battle of Ambos Nogales]]: [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] forces skirmish against Mexican [[Carrancistas]] in the only battle of [[World War I]] fought on American soil.
*[[1922]] &ndash; [[Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)|Greco-Turkish War]]: The Turkish army takes the [[Aegean Region|Aegean]] city of [[Afyonkarahisar]] from the [[Kingdom of Greece (Glücksburg)|Kingdom of Greece]].
*[[1927]] &ndash; [[The Famous Five (Canada)|Five Canadian women]] file a petition to the [[Supreme Court of Canada]], asking: "Does the word 'Persons' in Section 24 of the [[British North America Act, 1867]], include female persons?"
*[[1928]] &ndash; The [[Kellogg–Briand Pact]] outlawing war is signed by fifteen nations. Ultimately sixty-one nations will sign it.
*[[1933]] &ndash; The first [[Bible translations into Afrikaans|Afrikaans Bible]] is introduced during a Bible Festival in [[Bloemfontein]].
*[[1939]] &ndash; First flight of the [[turbojet]]-powered [[Heinkel He 178]], the world's first [[jet aircraft]].
*[[1942]] &ndash; First day of the [[Sarny Massacre]], perpetrated by Germans and Ukrainians.
*[[1943]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] forces evacuate [[New Georgia|New Georgia Island]] in the [[Asiatic-Pacific Theater|Pacific Theater of Operations]] during World War II.
* 1943 &ndash; World War II: Aerial bombardment by the [[Luftwaffe]] [[Razing of Vorizia|razes]] to the ground the village of Vorizia in [[Crete]].
*[[1955]] &ndash; The first edition of the ''[[Guinness World Records|Guinness Book of Records]]'' is published in Great Britain.<ref>{{cite web|title=Guinness World Records Corporate – Home|url=http://corporate.guinnessworldrecords.com/index.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821044202/http://corporate.guinnessworldrecords.com/index.aspx|archive-date=21 August 2015|work=guinnessworldrecords.com}}</ref>
*[[1956]] &ndash; The nuclear power station at [[Calder Hall]] in the United Kingdom was connected to the national power grid becoming the world's first commercial nuclear power station to generate electricity on an industrial scale.
*[[1962]] &ndash; The [[Mariner 2]] unmanned space mission is launched to [[Venus]] by [[NASA]].
*[[1963]] &ndash; An explosion at the [[Intrepid Potash#Moab|Cane Creek potash mine]] near [[Moab, Utah]] kills 18 miners.<ref name="KMele-2018">{{cite book |last1=Mele |first1=Kymberly |title=Disaster at Cane Creek |date=2018 |publisher=Kymberly Mele |isbn=978-0998975207 |pages=648}}</ref><ref name="CCZ-June/July 2018">{{cite web |last1=Stiles |title=The Disaster at Cane Creek: An Excerpt...by Kymberly Mele |url=https://www.canyoncountryzephyr.com/2018/06/04/the-disaster-at-cane-creek-an-excerpt-by-kymberly-mele/ |website=Canyon Country Zephyr |access-date=29 January 2021 |date=June 2018}}</ref>
*[[1964]] &ndash; [[Army of the Republic of Vietnam|South Vietnamese junta]] leader [[Nguyễn Khánh]] enters into a [[triumvirate]] power-sharing arrangement with rival generals [[Trần Thiện Khiêm]] and [[Dương Văn Minh]], who had both been involved in plots to unseat Khánh.
*[[1971]] &ndash; An attempted [[coup d'état]] fails in the African nation of [[Chad]]. The [[Government of Chad]] accuses [[Egypt]] of playing a role in the attempt and breaks off [[diplomatic relations]].
*[[1975]] &ndash; The Governor of [[Portuguese Timor]] abandons its capital, [[Dili]], and flees to [[Atauro Island]], leaving control to a rebel group.
*[[1979]] &ndash; [[The Troubles]]: Eighteen British soldiers are [[Warrenpoint ambush|killed in an ambush]] by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] near [[Warrenpoint]], Northern Ireland, in the deadliest attack on British forces during [[Operation Banner]]. An IRA bomb also kills [[British royal family]] member [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Lord Mountbatten]] and three others on his boat at [[Mullaghmore, County Sligo|Mullaghmore]], Republic of Ireland.
*[[1980]] &ndash; [[1980 South Korean presidential election|South Korean presidential election]]: After successfully staging the [[Coup d'état of May Seventeenth]], General [[Chun Doo-hwan]], running unopposed, has the National Conference for Unification elect him [[President of South Korea|President of the Fourth Republic of Korea]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/01361008.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/01361008.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Electoral Politics in South Korea|last=Croissant|first=Aurel|publisher=Friedrich Ebert Foundation|pages=237–266}}</ref>
*[[1982]] &ndash; Turkish [[military attaché|military diplomat]] Colonel [[Atilla Altıkat]] is shot and killed in [[Ottawa]]. [[Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide]] claim to be avenging the massacre of {{frac|1|1|2}} million Armenians in the 1915 [[Armenian genocide]].
*[[1985]] &ndash; Major General [[Muhammadu Buhari]], Chairman of the [[Supreme Military Council of Nigeria (1983–1985)|Supreme Military Council of Nigeria]], is ousted from power in a [[1985 Nigerian coup d'état|coup d'état]] led by Major General [[Ibrahim Babangida]].
*1985 &ndash; [[Space Shuttle Discovery|Space Shuttle ''Discovery'']] is launched on [[STS-51-I]] to deploy three [[Communications satellite|communication satellites]] and repair a fourth malfunctioning one.<ref name="spacefacts">{{Cite web |title=STS-51I |url=http://spacefacts.de/mission/english/sts-51i.htm |access-date=February 26, 2014 |publisher=Spacefacts}}</ref> 
*[[1991]] &ndash; The [[European Community]] recognizes the independence of the [[Baltic states]] of [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]] and [[Lithuania]].
* 1991 &ndash; [[Moldova]] declares independence from the [[Soviet Union|USSR]].
* [[1992]] – [[Aeroflot Flight 2808]] crashes on approach to [[Ivanovo Yuzhny Airport]], killing all 84 aboard.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ASN Aircraft accident Tupolev 134A CCCP-65058 Ivanovo Airport (IWA) |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19920827-3 |access-date=2017-10-19 |website=Aviation Safety Network}}</ref>
*[[2003]] &ndash; [[Mars]] makes its closest approach to Earth in nearly 60,000 years, passing {{convert|34646418|mi}} distant.
* 2003 &ndash; The first [[six-party talks]], involving South and North Korea, the United States, China, Japan and Russia, convene to find a peaceful resolution to the security concerns of the [[North Korea and weapons of mass destruction|North Korean nuclear weapons program]].
*[[2006]] &ndash; [[Comair Flight 5191]] crashes on [[takeoff]] from [[Blue Grass Airport]] in [[Lexington, Kentucky]], bound for [[Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport]] in [[Atlanta]]. Of the passengers and crew, 49 of 50 are confirmed dead in the hours following the crash.
*[[2009]] &ndash; [[Myanmar conflict|Internal conflict in Myanmar]]: The [[State Peace and Development Council|Burmese military junta]] and ethnic armies begin [[2009 Kokang incident|three days of violent clashes]] in the [[Kokang Special Region]].
*[[2011]] &ndash; [[Hurricane Irene]] strikes the United States east coast, killing 47 and causing an estimated $15.6&nbsp;billion in damage.<ref>{{cite news |title=National Weather Service|date=18 March 2019 |url=https://www.weather.gov/mhx/Aug272011EventReview |access-date=20 June 2009 }}</ref>