Editing August 25 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
* [[766]] &ndash; Emperor [[Constantine V]] humiliates nineteen high-ranking officials, after discovering a plot against him. He executes the leaders, [[Constantine Podopagouros]] and his brother [[Strategios Podopagouros|Strategios]].
*[[1248]] &ndash; The Dutch city of [[Ommen]] receives [[City rights in the Low Countries|city rights]] and fortification rights from Otto III, the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Utrecht|Archbishop of Utrecht]].
*[[1258]] &ndash; Regent [[George Mouzalon]] and his brothers are killed during a coup headed by the aristocratic faction under [[Michael VIII Palaiologos]], paving the way for its leader to ultimately usurp the throne of the [[Empire of Nicaea]].
*[[1270]] &ndash; [[Philip III of France|Philip III]], although suffering from dysentery, becomes King of France following the death of his father [[Louis IX of France|Louis IX]], during the [[Eighth Crusade]]. His uncle, [[Charles I of Naples]], is forced to begin peace negotiations with [[Muhammad I al-Mustansir]], Hafsid Sultan of Tunis.<ref>{{cite book |title=The World of the Crusades |first=Christopher |last=Tyerman |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2019 |pages=134–135}}</ref>
*[[1537]] &ndash; The [[Honourable Artillery Company]], the oldest surviving [[regiment]] in the [[British Army]], and the second most senior, is formed.
*[[1543]] &ndash; [[António Mota]] and a few companions become the first Europeans to visit Japan. 
*[[1580]] &ndash; [[War of the Portuguese Succession]]: Spanish victory at the [[Battle of Alcântara (1580)|Battle of Alcântara]] brings about the [[Iberian Union]].

===1601–1900===
*[[1609]] &ndash; [[Galileo Galilei]] demonstrates his first telescope to [[Republic of Venice|Venetian]] lawmakers.
*[[1630]] &ndash; Portuguese forces are defeated by the [[Kingdom of Kandy]] at the [[Battle of Randeniwela]] in [[Sri Lanka]].
*[[1758]] &ndash; [[Seven Years' War]]: [[Frederick II of Prussia]] defeats the Russian army at the [[Battle of Zorndorf]].
*[[1814]] &ndash; [[War of 1812]]: On the second day of the [[Burning of Washington]], British troops torch the [[Library of Congress]], [[United States Treasury]], [[United States Department of War|Department of War]], and other public buildings.
*[[1823]] &ndash; American fur trapper [[Hugh Glass]] is mauled by a [[grizzly bear]] while on an expedition in [[South Dakota]].
*[[1825]] &ndash; The [[Thirty-Three Orientals]] declare the independence of Uruguay from Brazil.
*[[1830]] &ndash; The [[Belgian Revolution]] begins.
*[[1835]] &ndash; The first [[Great Moon Hoax]] article is published in ''[[The Sun (New York)|The New York Sun]]'', announcing the discovery of life and civilization on the [[Moon]].
*[[1875]] &ndash; Captain [[Matthew Webb]] becomes the first person to swim across the English Channel, traveling from Dover, England, to Calais, France, in 21 hours and 45 minutes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.channelswimmingassociation.com/swim/2461/matthew-webb |title=Matthew Webb 1875 |website=Channel Swimming Association |language=en |access-date=2018-08-22 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
*[[1883]] &ndash; [[French Third Republic|France]] and [[Nguyễn dynasty|Viet Nam]] sign the [[Treaty of Huế (1883)|Treaty of Huế]], recognizing a French protectorate over Annam and Tonkin. 
*[[1894]] &ndash; [[Kitasato Shibasaburō]] discovers the infectious agent of the [[bubonic plague]] and publishes his findings in ''[[The Lancet]]''.

===1901–present===
*[[1904]] &ndash; [[Russo-Japanese War]]: The [[Battle of Liaoyang]] begins.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kowner |first=Rotem |title=Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War |publisher=The Scarecrow Press, Inc. |year=2006 |isbn=9780810849273 |location=Lanham, Maryland |pages=205–209 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1912]] &ndash; The [[Kuomintang#Founding and Sun Yat-sen era|Kuomintang]] is founded for the first time in [[Beijing|Peking]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Strand |first=David |title=Changing Meanings of Citizenship in Modern China |date=2002 |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |isbn=9780674037762 |editor-last=Goldman |editor-first=Merle |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |pages=58–59 |language=en |chapter=Chapter 2: Citizens in the Audience and at the Podium |access-date=25 August 2022 |editor-last2=Perry |editor-first2=Elizabeth J. |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YF-ftHbw59sC&pg=PA58}}</ref>
*[[1914]] &ndash; [[World War I]]: [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] declares war on [[Austria-Hungary]].
*  1914   &ndash; World War I: The library of the Catholic University of Leuven is [[Sack of Louvain|deliberately destroyed]] by the German Army. Hundreds of thousands of irreplaceable volumes and Gothic and Renaissance manuscripts are lost.
*[[1916]] &ndash; The United States [[National Park Service]] is created.
*[[1920]] &ndash; [[Polish–Soviet War]]: [[Battle of Warsaw (1920)|Battle of Warsaw]], which began on [[August 13]], ends with the [[Red Army]]'s defeat.
*[[1933]] &ndash; The [[1933 Diexi earthquake|Diexi earthquake]] strikes [[Mao County]], [[Sichuan]], China and kills 9,000 people.
*1933 &ndash; [[Nazi Germany]] and the [[Zionist Federation of Germany]] signed the [[Haavara Agreement]]. The agreement was a major factor in breaking the [[1933 anti-Nazi boycott|anti-Nazi boycott of 1933]] and facilitated Jewish emigration from Germany and into [[Palestine]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weiss |first=Yf’aat |title=The Transfer Agreement and the Boycott Movement: A Jewish Dilemma on the Eve of the Holocaust |url=http://www.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%203231.pdf |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=[[Yad Vashem]] |publisher=[[Shoah Resource Center]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nicosia |first=Francis R. |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781351472722 |title=The Third Reich & the Palestine Question |date=2017 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-315-13539-7 |edition=1 |language=en |doi=10.4324/9781315135397}}</ref>
*[[1939]] &ndash; The [[Irish Republican Army]] carries out the [[1939 Coventry bombing]] in which five civilians were killed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/131921350|title=Blamed on I. R. A.: Coventry Bomb|newspaper=[[The News (Adelaide)|The News]]|date=26 August 1939|access-date=15 June 2023}}</ref>
*[[1939]] &ndash; The United Kingdom and [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]] form a [[Anglo-Polish military alliance|military alliance]] in which the UK promises to defend Poland in case of invasion by a foreign power.
*[[1940]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: The first [[Bombing of Berlin in World War II|Bombing of Berlin]] by the [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Royal Air Force]].
*  1941   &ndash; World War II: [[Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran]]: The [[United Kingdom]] and the [[Soviet Union]] jointly stage an invasion of the [[Pahlavi Iran|Imperial State of Iran]].<ref>{{cite book |title= Immortal: A Military History of Iran and Its Armed Forces |last=Ward |first=Steven R. |year=2009 |publisher=Georgetown University Press |isbn=978-1-58901-258-5 |page=155 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8eUTLaaVOOQC&pg=PA155}}</ref>
*[[1942]] &ndash; World War II: Second day of the [[Battle of the Eastern Solomons]]; a [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] naval transport convoy headed towards [[Guadalcanal]] is turned back by an [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] air attack.
*  1942   &ndash; World War II: [[Battle of Milne Bay]]: [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] marines assault [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] airfields at [[Milne Bay]], [[New Guinea]], initiating the [[Battle of Milne Bay]].<ref>{{cite book | title = The Island Campaigns | last = Walker | first = Allan S. |author-link1=Allan S. Walker | year = 1957 | series = [[Australia in the War of 1939–1945|Australia in the War of 1939–1945 Series 5&nbsp;– Medical]]| volume= 3 | chapter = 4 — Milne Bay | publisher = [[Australian War Memorial]] | location = Canberra | url = https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG1070220/ | oclc = 1293257 }}</ref>
*[[1944]] &ndash; World War II: [[Liberation of Paris|Paris is liberated]] by the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]].
*[[1945]] &ndash; Ten days after World War II ends with Japan [[Victory over Japan Day|announcing its surrender]], armed supporters of the [[Chinese Communist Party]] kill U.S. intelligence officer [[John Birch (missionary)|John Birch]], regarded by some of the [[Conservatism in the United States|American right]] as the first victim of the [[Cold War]].
*  1945   &ndash; The [[August Revolution]] ends as Emperor [[Bảo Đại]] abdicates, ending the [[Nguyễn dynasty]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Stanley |last=Karnow |author-link=Stanley Karnow |title=Vietnam: A History |page=162 |date=October 4, 1983 |publisher=Viking |isbn=978-0670746040}}</ref>
*[[1948]] &ndash; The [[House Un-American Activities Committee]] holds first-ever televised congressional hearing: "Confrontation Day" between [[Whittaker Chambers]] and [[Alger Hiss]].
*[[1950]] &ndash; To avert a threatened strike during the Korean War, President Truman orders Secretary of the Army [[Frank Pace]] to seize control of the nation's railroads.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/library/executive-orders/10155/executive-order-10155 | title =Executive Order 10155 | date =25 August 1950 | website =Truman Library | access-date =23 August 2020 }}</ref>
*[[1958]] &ndash; The world's first publicly marketed [[instant noodles]], [[Nissin Chikin Ramen|Chikin Ramen]], are introduced by [[Taiwanese people|Taiwanese]]-[[Japan]]ese businessman [[Momofuku Ando]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-sh/the_instant_noodle |title=The Eternal Life of the Instant Noodle|publisher=BBC|date= 28 September 2018|access-date=25 August 2022|author=Celia Hatton}}</ref>
*[[1960]] &ndash; The [[1960 Summer Olympics|Games of the XVII Olympiad]] commence in [[Rome]], [[Italy]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rome 1960 Summer Olympics - Athletes, Medals & Results |url=https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/rome-1960 |access-date=25 August 2022 |website=Olympics}}</ref>
*[[1961]] &ndash; President [[Jânio Quadros]] of Brazil resigns after just seven months in power, initiating a political crisis that culminates in [[1964 Brazilian coup d'état|a military coup in 1964]].
*[[1967]] &ndash; [[George Lincoln Rockwell]], founder of the [[American Nazi Party]], is assassinated by a former member of his group.
*[[1980]] &ndash; [[Zimbabwe]] joins the [[United Nations]].
*[[1981]] &ndash; ''[[Voyager 2]]'' spacecraft makes its closest approach to [[Saturn]].
*[[1985]] &ndash; [[Bar Harbor Airlines Flight 1808]] crashes near [[Auburn/Lewiston Municipal Airport]] in [[Auburn, Maine]], killing all eight people on board including peace activist and child actress [[Samantha Smith]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident Beechcraft 99 Airliner N300WP Auburn Airport, ME (LEW)|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19850825-0|url-status=live|date= 1985-08-24|access-date=2021-08-24|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050319070150/http://aviation-safety.net:80/database/record.php?id=19850825-0 |archive-date=2005-03-19 }}</ref>
*[[1989]] &ndash; ''[[Voyager 2]]'' spacecraft makes its closest approach to [[Neptune]], the last planet in the [[Solar System]] at the time, due to Pluto being within Neptune's orbit from 1979 to 1999.<ref>[https://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question5.html#:~:text=Answer%3A,8th%20planet%20from%20the%20Sun  Is Pluto or Neptune farthest from the Sun?] StarChild Question of the Month for January 1999. NASA.</ref>
*  1989   &ndash; [[Pakistan International Airlines Flight 404]], carrying 54 people, disappears over the [[Himalayas]] after takeoff from [[Gilgit Airport]] in Pakistan. The aircraft was never found.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident Fokker F-27 Friendship 200 AP-BBF Himalaya Mountains |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19890825-1 |date= 1989-08-25|access-date=2022-08-17 |website=aviation-safety.net |publisher=Aviation Safety Network}}</ref>
*[[1991]] &ndash; [[Belarus]] gains its independence from the [[Soviet Union]].
*  1991   &ndash; The [[Battle of Vukovar]] begins. An 87-day siege of Vukovar by the [[Yugoslav People's Army]] (JNA), supported by various Serb paramilitary forces, between August and November 1991 (during the [[Croatian War of Independence]]).
*  1991   &ndash; [[Linus Torvalds]] announces the first version of what will become [[Linux]].
*[[1997]] &ndash; [[Egon Krenz]], the former East German leader, is convicted of a [[Schießbefehl|shoot-to-kill policy]] at the [[Berlin Wall]].
*[[2001]] &ndash; American singer [[Aaliyah]] and several members of her entourage are killed as their overloaded aircraft [[2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash|crashes]] shortly after takeoff from [[Marsh Harbour Airport]], [[Bahamas]].
*[[2003]] &ndash; [[NASA]] successfully launches the [[Spitzer Space Telescope]] into space.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.spaceflightnow.com/delta/d298/ |title=300th Delta rocket launches new window on Universe |work=CBS News via Spaceflight Now |first=William |last=Harwood |date=25 August 2003 |access-date=25 August 2022}}</ref>
*[[2005]] &ndash; [[Hurricane Katrina]] [[Effects of Hurricane Katrina in Florida|makes landfall]] in [[Florida]].<ref name="tcr">{{cite report|author1=Richard Knabb |author2=Jamie Rhome |author3=Daniel Brown |publisher=[[National Hurricane Center]]|date=2005-12-20|title=Hurricane Katrina Tropical Cyclone Report|access-date=2012-04-07|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL122005_Katrina}}|format=PDF}}</ref>
*[[2006]] &ndash; Former Prime Minister of Ukraine [[Pavlo Lazarenko]] is sentenced to nine years imprisonment for money laundering, wire fraud, and extortion.
*[[2010]] &ndash; A [[Filair]] [[Let L-410 Turbolet]] [[2010 Filair Let L-410 crash|crashes]] on approach to [[Bandundu Airport]], killing 20.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-08-26 |title=20 killed in DRC plane crash |url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2010/08/killed-in-drc-plane-crash/ |access-date=2022-06-04 |website=Capital News |language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[2011]] &ndash; Fifty-two people are killed during an [[2011 Monterrey casino attack|arson attack]] caused by members of the drug cartel [[Los Zetas]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/26/world/americas/26mexico.html|title=Arson Fire Kills 52 in a Casino in Mexico|work=The New York Times|date=25 August 2011|first=Randal C|last=Archibold|access-date=21 August 2022}}</ref>
*[[2012]] &ndash; ''[[Voyager 1]]'' spacecraft enters [[interstellar space]], becoming the first man-made object to do so.<ref>{{cite news |work=The New York Times |last1=Barnes |first1=Brooks |title=In a Breathtaking First, NASA's Voyager 1 Exits the Solar System |date=12 September 2013 |access-date=9 May 2023 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/13/science/in-a-breathtaking-first-nasa-craft-exits-the-solar-system.html}}</ref>
*[[2017]] &ndash; [[Hurricane Harvey]] makes landfall in Texas as a powerful [[Saffir–Simpson scale#Category 4|Category&nbsp;4 hurricane]], the strongest hurricane to make landfall in the United States since [[Hurricane Charley|2004]].
*  2017   &ndash; [[Conflict in Rakhine State (2016–present)]]: One hundred seventy people are killed in at least 26 separate attacks carried out by the [[Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army]], leading to the governments of [[Myanmar]] and [[Malaysia]] designating the group as a terrorist organisation.<ref name="Reuters6">{{cite news|last1=Lone|first1=Wa|last2=Naing|first2=Shoon|title=At least 71 killed in Myanmar as Rohingya insurgents stage major attack|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-rohingya-idUSKCN1B507K?il=0|access-date=25 August 2022|work=[[Reuters]]|date=24 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Republic of the Union of Myanmar Anti-Terrorism Central Committee Statement|url=http://www.statecounsellor.gov.mm/nrpcen/node/124|publisher=National Reconciliation and Peace Centre|access-date=12 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213022345/http://www.statecounsellor.gov.mm/nrpcen/node/124|archive-date=13 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Myanmar: New evidence reveals Rohingya armed group massacred scores in Rakhine State|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/05/myanmar-new-evidence-reveals-rohingya-armed-group-massacred-scores-in-rakhine-state/|website=www.amnesty.org|date=22 May 2018 |language=en|access-date=25 August 2022}}</ref>