Editing August 21 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
* [[959]] &ndash; [[Eraclus]] becomes the 25th [[bishop of Liège]].
*[[1140]] &ndash; [[Song dynasty]] general [[Yue Fei]] defeats an army led by [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin dynasty]] general [[Wuzhu]] at the [[Battle of Yancheng]] during the [[Jin–Song Wars]].
*[[1169]] &ndash; [[Battle of the Blacks]]: Uprising by the [[black African]] forces of the Fatimid army, along with a number of Egyptian emirs and commoners, against [[Saladin]].<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Lyons | first1 = Malcolm Cameron | last2 = Jackson | first2 = D. E. P. | year = 1982 | title = Saladin: The Politics of the Holy War | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge | url =  {{Gbooks|hGR5M0druJIC|plainurl=yes}} | isbn = 0-521-31739-8 | pages = 34–36}}.</ref>
*[[1192]] &ndash; [[Minamoto no Yoritomo]] becomes ''[[Shōgun|Sei-i Taishōgun]]'' and the ''[[de facto]]'' ruler of Japan. (Traditional [[Japanese calendar|Japanese date]]: the 12th day of the seventh month in the third year of the Kenkyū (建久) era).<ref>{{cite book|author=Kan'ichi Asakawa|title=荘園硏究: Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IfvsAAAAMAAJ|year=1965|publisher=Japan Society for the Promotion of Science|page=280}}</ref>
*[[1331]] &ndash; King [[Stefan Dečanski|Stefan Uroš III]], after [[Serbian civil war of 1331|months of anarchy]], surrenders to his son and rival [[Stefan Dušan]], who succeeds as [[Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)|King of Serbia]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Frank Northen Magill|author2=Alison Aves|title=Dictionary of World Biography: The Middle Ages|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CurSh3Sh_KMC&pg=PA843|year=1998|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-57958-041-4|pages=843}}</ref>
*[[1415]] &ndash; [[Henry the Navigator]] leads Portuguese forces to victory over the Marinids at the [[Conquest of Ceuta]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Aileen Gallagher|title=Prince Henry, the Navigator: Pioneer of Modern Exploration|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UYUVGuifR4EC&pg=PA38|year=2003|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-8239-3621-2|pages=38}}</ref>
===1601–1900===
*[[1680]] &ndash; [[Puebloan peoples|Pueblo Indians]] capture [[Santa Fe, New Mexico|Santa Fe]] from the Spanish during the [[Pueblo Revolt]].
*[[1689]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Dunkeld]] in Scotland.<ref name=BTL32>{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=BTL32|desc=Battle of Dunkeld|access-date=19 June 2020}}</ref>
*[[1716]] &ndash; [[Seventh Ottoman–Venetian War]]: The arrival of naval reinforcements and the news of the [[Battle of Petrovaradin]] force the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] to abandon the [[Siege of Corfu (1716)|Siege of Corfu]], thus preserving the [[Ionian Islands]] under [[Republic of Venice|Venetian rule]].<ref>{{cite book | last=Chasiotis | first=Ioannis | chapter = Η κάμψη της Οθωμανικής δυνάμεως |trans-chapter=The decline of Ottoman power | pages = 8–51 | script-title=el:Ιστορία του Ελληνικού Έθνους, Τόμος ΙΑ′: Ο ελληνισμός υπό ξένη κυριαρχία, 1669–1821 |trans-title=History of the Greek Nation, Volume XI: Hellenism under foreign rule, 1669–1821 | location = Athens | year = 1975 | publisher = Ekdotiki Athinon | language = el}}</ref>
*[[1770]] &ndash; [[James Cook]] formally claims eastern Australia for [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]], naming it [[New South Wales]].
*[[1772]] &ndash; King [[Gustav III of Sweden|Gustav III]] completes his [[coup d'état]] by adopting a new [[Swedish Constitution of 1772|Constitution]], ending [[Age of Liberty|half a century of parliamentary rule]] in Sweden and installing himself as an [[Enlightened absolutism|enlightened despot]].
*[[1778]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: British forces [[Siege of Pondicherry (1778)|begin besieging]] the French outpost at [[Puducherry (union territory)|Pondichéry]].
*[[1791]] &ndash; A [[Bois Caïman|Vodou ceremony]], led by [[Dutty Boukman]], turns into a violent slave rebellion, beginning the [[Haitian Revolution]].
*[[1808]] &ndash; [[Battle of Vimeiro]]: [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] and [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] forces led by General [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]] defeat [[French Armed Forces|French]] force under Major-General [[Jean-Andoche Junot]] near the village of [[Vimeiro]], Portugal, the first Anglo-Portuguese victory of the [[Peninsular War]].
*[[1810]] &ndash; [[Charles XIV John of Sweden|Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte]], [[Marshal of France]], is elected [[Crown prince|Crown Prince]] of Sweden by the Swedish [[Riksdag of the Estates]].
*[[1821]] &ndash; [[Jarvis Island]] is discovered by the crew of the ship, ''Eliza Frances''.
*[[1831]] &ndash; [[Nat Turner]] leads black slaves and free blacks in [[Nat Turner's slave rebellion|a rebellion]] in [[Southampton County, Virginia]], which will claim the lives of 55 to 65 whites and about twice that number of blacks.<ref>{{cite web|website=This Day in Alternate History|title=August 21, 1831 – Nat Turner Begins his Slave Exodus|url=http://thisdayinalternatehistory.blogspot.com/2010/08/august-21-1831-nat-turner-begins-his.html|date=August 21, 2010|access-date=July 29, 2019}}</ref>
*[[1852]] &ndash; [[Tlingit|Tlingit Indians]] destroy [[Fort Selkirk]], [[Yukon Territory]].
*[[1858]] &ndash; The first of the [[Lincoln–Douglas debates]] is held in [[Ottawa, Illinois]].<ref>[https://www.nps.gov/liho/learn/historyculture/debate1.htm "First Debate: Ottawa, Illinois."] ''NPS.gov''.  21 August 2019.</ref>
*[[1862]] &ndash; The [[Stadtpark, Vienna|Stadtpark]], the first public park in [[Vienna]], opens to the public.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stadtpark |url=https://www.wien.gv.at/english/environment/parks/stadtpark.html |access-date=20 August 2022 |website=City of Vienna}}</ref>
*[[1863]] &ndash; [[Lawrence, Kansas]] is [[Lawrence massacre|destroyed]] by [[Confederate States of America|pro-Confederate guerrillas]] known as [[Quantrill's Raiders]].
*[[1878]] &ndash; The [[American Bar Association]] is founded in [[Saratoga Springs]], [[New York (state)|New York]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Kaplan |first1=Howard |last2=Middleton |first2=Tiffany Willey |title=ABA Timeline |url=https://www.americanbar.org/about_the_aba/timeline/ |access-date=20 August 2022 |website=[[American Bar Association]]}}</ref>
*[[1879]] &ndash; The locals of [[Knock, County Mayo]], [[Ireland]] [[Knock Shrine#Apparition|report their having seen an apparition]] of the [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Virgin Mary]]. The apparition is later named [[Knock Shrine|“Our Lady of Knock”]] and the spot transformed into a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] pilgrimage site.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Knock Shrine |url=https://www.knockshrine.ie/history/ |access-date=20 August 2022 |website=Knock Shrine: Ireland's International Eucharistic and Marian Shrine}}</ref>
*[[1883]] &ndash; [[1883 Rochester tornado|An F5 tornado]] strikes [[Rochester, Minnesota]], leading to the creation of the [[Mayo Clinic]].
*[[1888]] &ndash; The first successful [[adding machine]] in the United States is patented by [[William Seward Burroughs I|William Seward Burroughs]].
===1901–present===
*[[1901]] &ndash; Six hundred American school teachers, [[Thomasites]], arrived in [[Manila]] on the [[USAT Thomas]].
*[[1911]] &ndash; The ''[[Mona Lisa]]'' is [[art theft|stolen]] by [[Vincenzo Peruggia]], a [[Musée du Louvre|Louvre]] employee.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stolen: How the Mona Lisa Became the World's Most Famous Painting |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/stolen-how-the-mona-lisa-became-the-worlds-most-famous-painting-16406234/ |website=Smithsonian Magazine |access-date=30 May 2022}}</ref>
*[[1914]] &ndash; [[World War I]]: The [[Battle of Charleroi]], a successful German attack across the River [[Sambre]] that pre-empted a French offensive in the same area.
*[[1918]] &ndash; World War I: The [[Second Battle of the Somme (1918)|Second Battle of the Somme]] begins.
*[[1942]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: The [[Guadalcanal Campaign]]: American forces defeat an attack by [[Imperial Japanese Army]] soldiers in the [[Battle of the Tenaru]].
*[[1944]] &ndash; [[Dumbarton Oaks Conference]], prelude to the [[United Nations]], begins.
*  1944   &ndash; World War II: Canadian and Polish units [[Operation Tractable|capture]] the strategically important town of [[Falaise, Calvados]], France.
*[[1945]] &ndash; Physicist [[Harry Daghlian]] is fatally irradiated in a [[criticality accident]] during an experiment with the [[Demon core]] at [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]].
*[[1957]] &ndash; The [[Soviet Union]] successfully conducts a long-range test flight of the [[R-7 Semyorka]], the first [[intercontinental ballistic missile]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burgess |first1=Colin |last2=Hall |first2=Rex |title=The First Soviet Cosmonaut Team: Their Lives, Legacy, and Historical Impact |date=2009 |publisher=Springer |location=Berlin |isbn=9780387848235 |page=16 |lccn=2008935694}}</ref>
*[[1959]] &ndash; [[President of the United States|United States President]] [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] signs an executive order proclaiming Hawaii the 50th state of the union. Hawaii's admission is currently commemorated by [[Hawaii Admission Day]].
*[[1963]] &ndash; [[Xá Lợi Pagoda raids]]: The [[Army of the Republic of Vietnam Special Forces]] loyal to [[Ngô Đình Nhu]], brother of President [[Ngo Dinh Diem]], vandalizes [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] pagodas across the country, arresting thousands and leaving an estimated hundreds dead.
*[[1965]] &ndash; The [[Socialist Republic of Romania]] is proclaimed, following the adoption of [[1965 Constitution of Romania|a new constitution]].<ref>{{cite web |title=CONSTITUŢIA REPUBLICII SOCIALISTE ROMÂNIA *** Republicată |url=https://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocument/14938 |website=legislatie.just.ro |access-date=24 June 2022}}</ref>
*[[1968]] &ndash; [[Cold War]]: [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]], leader of the Socialist Republic of Romania, publicly condemns the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]]-led [[Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia]], encouraging the [[Romanians|Romanian]] population to arm itself against possible Soviet reprisals.
*  1968   &ndash; [[James Anderson Jr.]] posthumously receives the first [[Medal of Honor]] to be awarded to an [[African American]] [[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marine]].
*[[1971]] &ndash; A bomb exploded in the [[Liberal Party (Philippines)|Liberal Party]] campaign rally in [[Plaza Miranda bombing|Plaza Miranda]], [[Manila]], [[Philippines]] with several anti-[[Ferdinand Marcos|Marcos]] political candidates injured.
*[[1982]] &ndash; [[Lebanese Civil War]]: The first troops of a [[Multinational Force in Lebanon|multinational force]] lands in [[Beirut]] to oversee the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]]'s withdrawal from [[Lebanon]].
*[[1983]] &ndash; Philippine opposition leader [[Benigno Aquino Jr.]] is [[Assassination of Benigno Aquino Jr.|assassinated]] at Manila International Airport (now renamed ''[[Ninoy Aquino International Airport]]'' in his honor).
*[[1986]] &ndash; Carbon dioxide gas erupts from [[volcano|volcanic]] [[Lake Nyos]] in [[Cameroon]], killing up to 1,800 people within a {{convert|20|km|adj=on}} range.
*[[1988]] &ndash; The 6.9 {{M|w}} [[1988 Nepal earthquake|Nepal earthquake]] shakes the Nepal–India border with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of VIII (''Severe''), leaving 709–1,450 people killed and thousands injured.
*[[1991]] &ndash; [[Latvia]] declares renewal of its full independence after its occupation by the Soviet Union since 1940.<ref>{{cite web |title=Latvia {{!}} History - Geography |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Latvia |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=17 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
*  1991   &ndash; [[1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt|Coup attempt]] against [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] collapses.
*[[1993]] &ndash; [[NASA]] loses contact with the [[Mars Observer]] spacecraft.
*[[1994]] &ndash; [[Royal Air Maroc Flight 630]] crashes in Douar Izounine, [[Morocco]], killing all 44 people on board.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19940821-1|title=ASN Aircraft accident ATR 42-312 CN-CDT Tizounine|last=Ranter|first=Harro|website=aviation-safety.net|access-date=2019-08-01}}</ref>
*[[1995]] &ndash; [[Atlantic Southeast Airlines Flight 529]], an [[Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia]], attempts to divert to [[West Georgia Regional Airport]] after the left engine fails, but the aircraft crashes in [[Carroll County, Georgia|Carroll County]] near [[Carrollton, Georgia]], killing nine of the 29 people on board.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19950821-0|title=ASN Aircraft accident Embraer EMB-120ER Brasilia N256AS Carrollton, GA|last=Ranter|first=Harro|website=aviation-safety.net|access-date=2019-07-25}}</ref>
*[[2000]] &ndash; American golfer [[Tiger Woods]] wins the 82nd [[PGA Championship]] and becomes the first golfer since [[Ben Hogan]] in 1953 to win three majors in a calendar year.
*[[2013]] &ndash; Hundreds of people are reported killed by [[Ghouta chemical attack|chemical attacks]] in the [[Ghouta]] region of [[Syria]].
*[[2017]] &ndash; [[Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017|A solar eclipse]] traverses the [[Contiguous United States|continental United States]].