Editing August 2 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[338 BC]] &ndash; A [[Ancient Macedonian army|Macedonian army]] led by [[Philip II of Macedon|Philip II]] defeated the combined forces of [[Athens]] and [[Thebes, Greece|Thebes]] in the [[Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC)|Battle of Chaeronea]], securing [[Macedonia (ancient kingdom)|Macedonian]] [[hegemony]] in Greece and the [[Aegean civilizations|Aegean]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gagarin |first1=Michael |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome |date=31 December 2009 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-517072-6 |page=81 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lNV6-HsUppsC&pg=RA1-PA81 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[216 BC]] &ndash; The [[Carthage|Carthaginian]] army led by [[Hannibal]] defeats a numerically superior [[Roman Republic|Roman]] army at the [[Battle of Cannae]].
*[[49 BC]] &ndash; [[Caesar]], who marched to Spain earlier in the year, leaving [[Marcus Antonius]] in charge of Italy, defeats [[Pompey]]'s general [[Lucius Afranius (consul)|Afranius]] and [[Marcus Petreius|Petreius]] in Ilerda (Lerida) north of the Ebro river.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Legrand |first=Jacques |title=Chronicle of the World |publisher=Eca, Publication |year=1989 |isbn=0-13-133463-8 |page=192}}</ref>
* [[461]] &ndash; [[Majorian]] is arrested near [[Tortona]] (northern Italy) and deposed by the [[Suebi]]an general [[Ricimer]] as [[Puppet monarch|puppet emperor]].
* [[932]] &ndash; After a two-year siege, the city of [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]], in [[Spain]], surrenders to the forces of the [[Caliphate of Córdoba|Caliph]] of [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]] [[Abd al-Rahman III]], assuming an important victory in his campaign to subjugate the [[Central March]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2019 |title=Abderramán III, el primer califa andalusí |url=https://historia.nationalgeographic.com.es/a/abderraman-iii-primer-califa-andalusi_14444/}}</ref>
*[[1274]] &ndash; [[Edward I of England]] returns from the [[Ninth Crusade]] and is crowned King seventeen days later.
*[[1343]] &ndash; After the execution of her husband, [[Jeanne de Clisson]] sells her estates and raises a force of men with which to attack French shipping and ports.
*[[1377]] &ndash; Russian troops are defeated by forces of the [[Blue Horde]] [[Khan (title)|Khan]] Arapsha in the [[Battle on Pyana River]].
*[[1415]] &ndash; [[Thomas Grey (1384–1415)|Thomas Grey]] is executed for participating in the [[Southampton Plot]].
*[[1492]] &ndash; [[Expulsion of Jews from Spain|The Jews are expelled from Spain]]: 40,000–200,000 leave. Sultan [[Bayezid II]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]], learning of this, dispatches the [[Ottoman Navy]] to bring the Jews safely to Ottoman lands, mainly  to the cities of [[Thessaloniki]] (in modern-day Greece) and [[İzmir]] (in modern-day [[Turkey]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Turkey.html|title=Turkey Virtual Jewish History Tour|website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1610]] &ndash; During [[Henry Hudson]]'s search for the [[Northwest Passage]], he sails into what is now known as [[Hudson Bay]].
*[[1776]] &ndash; The signing of the [[United States Declaration of Independence]] took place.
*[[1784]] &ndash; The first British [[mail coach]] service ran from [[Bristol]] to [[London]].<ref name="CBOD">{{cite book |last1=Fergusson |first1=Rosalind |title=Book of Days: A miscellany of popular antiquities in connection with the calendar |date=2004 |publisher=[[Chambers (publisher)|Chambers]] |isbn=0550100830 |page=377}}</ref> 
*[[1790]] &ndash; The [[1790 United States census|first]] [[United States Census]] is conducted.
*[[1798]] &ndash; [[French Revolutionary Wars]]: The [[Battle of the Nile]] concludes in a British victory.
*[[1830]] &ndash; [[Charles X of France]] abdicates the throne in favor of his grandson [[Henri, Count of Chambord|Henri]].
*[[1858]] &ndash; The [[Government of India Act 1858]] replaces Company rule in India with that of the British Raj.<ref name="CBOD"/>
*[[1869]] &ndash; Japan's [[Edo society]] class system is abolished as part of the [[Meiji Restoration]] reforms.
*[[1870]] &ndash; [[Tower Subway]], the world's first [[rapid transit|underground tube railway]], opens in London, England, United Kingdom.
*[[1873]] &ndash; The [[Clay Street Hill Railroad]] begins operating the first [[cable car (railway)|cable car]] in San Francisco's famous [[San Francisco cable car system|cable car system]].
*[[1897]] &ndash; [[Anglo-Afghan War]]: The [[Siege of Malakand]] ends when a relief column is able to reach the [[British Indian Army|British]] garrison in the [[Malakand Agency|Malakand states]].

===1901–present===
*[[1903]] &ndash; The [[Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising]] against the [[Ottoman Empire]] begins.
*[[1914]] &ndash; The [[German occupation of Luxembourg during World War I]] begins.
*[[1916]] &ndash; [[World War I]]: [[Austria-Hungary|Austrian]] sabotage causes the sinking of the Italian battleship ''[[Italian battleship Leonardo da Vinci|Leonardo da Vinci]]'' in [[Taranto]].
*[[1918]] &ndash; The first [[general strike]] in Canadian history [[1918 Vancouver general strike|takes place]] in Vancouver.
*[[1922]] &ndash; [[1922 Swatow typhoon|A typhoon]] hits [[Shantou]], [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]], killing more than 50,000 people.
*[[1923]] &ndash; Vice President [[Calvin Coolidge]] becomes [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] upon the death of President [[Warren G. Harding]].
*[[1932]] &ndash; The [[positron]] ([[antiparticle]] of the [[electron]]) is discovered by [[Carl David Anderson|Carl D. Anderson]].
*[[1934]] &ndash; ''[[Reichskanzler]]'' Adolf Hitler becomes ''[[Führer]]'' of Germany following the death of President [[Paul von Hindenburg]].
*[[1937]] &ndash; The [[Marihuana Tax Act of 1937]] is passed in America, the effect of which is to render [[cannabis (drug)|marijuana]] and all its by-products illegal.
*[[1939]] &ndash; [[Albert Einstein]] and [[Leo Szilard]] write [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|a letter]] to [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], urging him to begin the [[Manhattan Project]] to develop a nuclear weapon.
*[[1943]] &ndash; [[The Holocaust]]: Jewish prisoners stage a revolt at [[Treblinka extermination camp|Treblinka]], one of the deadliest of [[Nazism|Nazi]] [[Extermination camp|death camps]] where approximately 900,000 persons were murdered in less than 18 months.
*  1943   &ndash; [[World War II]]: The [[Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109]] is rammed by the [[Imperial Japanese Navy|Japanese]] destroyer ''[[Japanese destroyer Amagiri (1930)|Amagiri]]'' and sinks. Lt. [[John F. Kennedy]], future U.S. president, saves all but two of his crew.
*[[1944]] &ndash; [[ASNOM]]: Birth of the [[Socialist Republic of Macedonia]], celebrated as [[Republic Day (North Macedonia)|Day of the Republic]] in [[North Macedonia]].
*  1944   &ndash; World War II: The [[Convoy HX 300|largest trade convoy]] of the world wars arrives safely in the [[Western Approaches]].
*[[1945]] &ndash; World War II: End of the [[Potsdam Conference]].
*[[1947]] &ndash; A [[British South American Airways]] [[Avro Lancastrian]] airliner [[1947 BSAA Avro Lancastrian Star Dust accident|crashes into a mountain]] during a flight from [[Buenos Aires]], Argentina to [[Santiago]], Chile. The wreckage would not be found until 1998.
*[[1968]] &ndash; An [[1968 Casiguran earthquake|earthquake]] hits [[Casiguran, Aurora]], [[Philippines]] killing more than 270 people and wounding 261.
*[[1973]] &ndash; A flash fire kills 50 people at the [[Summerland disaster|Summerland]] amusement centre at [[Douglas, Isle of Man]].
*[[1980]] &ndash; A [[Bologna massacre|bomb explodes]] at the [[Bologna Centrale railway station|railway station in Bologna, Italy]], killing 85 people and wounding more than 200.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=LaFrance |first1=Adrienne |title=The New Anarchy |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2023/04/us-extremism-portland-george-floyd-protests-january-6/673088/ |access-date=18 March 2023 |magazine=The Atlantic |volume=331 |issue=3 |date=6 March 2023 |page=28 |language=en |url-access=subscription |issn=1072-7825}}</ref>
*[[1982]] &ndash; The [[Helsinki Metro]], the first [[rapid transit]] system of Finland, is opened to the general public.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tolmunen |first=Tapio |title=Mutkatonta matkaa vuodesta 1982. Raka spår från år 1982 |publisher=Helsingin kaupungin liikennelaitos |year=2002 |isbn=951-8926-84-0 |location=Helsinki |pages=43–44 |language=fi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2012 |title=Helsinki City Transport - About HKL - History - A brief history of the metro |url=http://www.hel.fi/hki/HKL/en/About+HKL/History/History+of+metro+transport |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512153035/http://www.hel.fi/hki/HKL/en/About%2BHKL/History/History%2Bof%2Bmetro%2Btransport |archive-date=12 May 2015 |access-date=21 September 2013 |publisher=Helsinki City Transport}}</ref>
*[[1985]] &ndash; [[Delta Air Lines Flight 191]], a [[Lockheed L-1011 TriStar]], crashes at [[Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport]] killing 137.
*[[1989]] &ndash; [[Pakistan]] is re-admitted to the [[Commonwealth of Nations]] after having restored democracy for the first time since 1972.
*  1989   &ndash; A [[1989 Valvettiturai massacre|massacre]] is carried out by an [[Indian Peace Keeping Force]] in [[Sri Lanka]] killing 64 ethnic [[Tamils|Tamil]] civilians.
*[[1990]] &ndash; [[Invasion of Kuwait|Iraq invades Kuwait]], eventually leading to the [[Gulf War]].
*[[1991]] – [[Space Shuttle Atlantis|Space Shuttle ''Atlantis'']] is launched on [[STS-43]] to deploy the [[TDRS-5]] satellite.<ref name="nasasts43">{{cite web |title=STS-43 |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-43.html |access-date=November 16, 2022 |publisher=NASA}}</ref>
*[[1999]] &ndash; The [[Gaisal train disaster]] claims 285 lives in [[Assam]], India.
*[[2005]] &ndash; [[Air France Flight 358]] lands at [[Toronto Pearson International Airport]] and runs off the runway, causing the plane to burst into flames, leaving 12 injuries and no fatalities.
*[[2014]] &ndash; At least 146 people were killed and more than 114 injured in a [[2014 Kunshan explosion|factory explosion in Kunshan, Jiangsu, China]].