Editing August 19 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[295 BC]] &ndash; The first temple to [[Venus (mythology)|Venus]], the Roman goddess of love, beauty and fertility, is dedicated by [[Quintus Fabius Maximus Gurges (consul 292 BC)|Quintus Fabius Maximus Gurges]] during the [[Third Samnite War]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Sabine G. Oswalt|title=Concise Encyclopedia of Greek and Roman Mythology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CdQnAAAAYAAJ|year=1969|publisher=Collins|page=296|isbn=9780695861094}}</ref>
*[[43 BC]] &ndash; [[Augustus|Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus]], later known as Augustus, compels the [[Roman Senate]] to elect him [[Roman consul|Consul]].
* [[947]] &ndash; [[Abu Yazid]], a [[Kharijites|Kharijite]] rebel leader, is defeated and killed in the [[Hodna Mountains]] in modern-day [[Algeria]] by [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimid]] forces.
*[[1153]] &ndash; [[Baldwin III of Jerusalem]] takes control of the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]] from his mother [[Melisende, Queen of Jerusalem|Melisende]], and also [[Siege of Ascalon|captures Ascalon]].
*[[1458]] &ndash; [[Pope Pius II]] is elected the 211th Pope.<ref>{{cite book|author=Renaissance Society of America|title=The Italian Renaissance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xtJoDXWcL3kC&pg=PA79|date=1 January 1993|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-0-8020-7735-6|pages=79}}</ref>
*[[1504]] &ndash; In Ireland, the [[Hiberno-Normans|Hiberno-Norman]] de Burghs (Burkes) and [[Cambro-Normans|Cambro-Norman]] Fitzgeralds fight in the [[Battle of Knockdoe]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Tony Jaques|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F-O|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dh6jydKXikoC&pg=PA536|year=2007|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-33538-9|pages=536}}</ref>
*[[1561]] &ndash; [[Mary, Queen of Scots]], aged 18, returns to [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] after spending 13 years in [[France]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Henry Ellis|title=To 1572|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V4rVAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA318|year=1846|publisher=R. Bentley|pages=318}}</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1604]] &ndash; [[Eighty Years War]]: a besieging Dutch and English army led by [[Maurice of Orange]] forces the Spanish garrison of [[Sluis]] to capitulate.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Duffy|first1=Christopher|title=Siege Warfare: The Fortress in the Early Modern World 1494–1660 Volume 1 of Siege warfare|date=2013|page=89|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136607875}}</ref>
*[[1612]] &ndash; The "[[Samlesbury witches]]", three women from the [[Lancashire]] village of [[Samlesbury]], [[Kingdom of England|England]], are put on trial, accused of practicing [[witchcraft]], one of the most famous [[Witch-hunt|witch trial]]s in British history.
*[[1666]] &ndash; [[Second Anglo-Dutch War]]: Rear Admiral [[Robert Holmes (Royal Navy officer)|Robert Holmes]] leads a raid on the Dutch island of [[Terschelling]], destroying 150 merchant ships, an act later known as "[[Holmes's Bonfire]]".
*[[1692]] &ndash; [[Salem witch trials]]: In [[Salem, Massachusetts|Salem, province of Massachusetts Bay]], five people, one woman and four men, including a clergyman, are executed after being convicted of witchcraft.
*[[1745]] &ndash; Prince [[Charles Edward Stuart]] raises his standard in [[Glenfinnan]]: The start of the [[Jacobite rising of 1745|Second Jacobite Rebellion]], known as "the 45".
* 1745 &ndash; [[Ottoman–Persian War (1743–46)|Ottoman–Persian War]]: In the [[Battle of Kars (1745)|Battle of Kars]], the Ottoman army is routed by Persian forces led by [[Nader Shah]].
*[[1759]] &ndash; [[Battle of Lagos]]: Naval battle during the [[Seven Years' War]] between Great Britain and France.
*[[1772]] &ndash; [[Gustav III of Sweden]] stages [[Revolution of 1772|a coup d'état]], in which he assumes power and enacts a new constitution that divides power between the [[Riksdag of the Estates|Riksdag]] and the King.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Barton |first1=H. Arnold |title=Gustav III of Sweden and the Enlightenment |journal=Eighteenth-Century Studies |date=1972 |volume=6 |issue=1 |page=11 |doi=10.2307/3031560 |jstor=3031560}}</ref>
*[[1782]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: [[Battle of Blue Licks]]: The last major engagement of the war, almost ten months after the surrender of the British [[commander]] [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|Charles Cornwallis]] following the [[Siege of Yorktown]].
*[[1812]] &ndash; [[War of 1812]]: American frigate {{USS|Constitution}} [[USS Constitution vs HMS Guerriere|defeats]] the British frigate {{HMS|Guerriere|1806|6}} off the coast of [[Nova Scotia]], Canada earning the nickname "Old Ironsides".
*[[1813]] &ndash; [[Gervasio Antonio de Posadas]] joins Argentina's [[Second Triumvirate (Argentina)|Second Triumvirate]].
*[[1839]] &ndash; The French government announces that [[Louis Daguerre]]'s [[daguerreotype|photographic process]] is a gift "free to the world".
*[[1848]] &ndash; [[California Gold Rush]]: The ''[[New York Herald]]'' breaks the news to the [[East Coast of the United States]] of the [[gold rush]] in [[California]] (although the rush started in January).
*[[1854]] &ndash; The [[First Sioux War]] begins when [[United States Army]] soldiers kill [[Lakota people|Lakota]] chief [[Conquering Bear]] and in return are [[Grattan massacre|massacred]].
*[[1861]] &ndash; First ascent of [[Weisshorn]], fifth highest summit in the Alps.
*[[1862]] &ndash; [[Dakota War of 1862|Dakota War]]: During an uprising in [[Minnesota]], [[Lakota people|Lakota]] warriors decide not to attack heavily defended [[Fort Ridgely]] and instead turn to the settlement of [[New Ulm, Minnesota|New Ulm]], killing white settlers along the way.

===1901–present===
*[[1903]] &ndash; The [[Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising|Transfiguration Uprising]] breaks out in [[East Thrace]], resulting in the establishment of the [[Strandzha Commune]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Khadzhiev |first1=Georgi |translator1-last=Firth |translator1-first=Will |chapter=The Transfiguration Uprising and the 'Strandzha Commune': The First Libertarian Commune in Bulgaria |title=Националното освобождение и безвластният федерализъм |trans-title=National Liberation and Libertarian Federalism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DDFOAQAAIAAJ |language=bg |pages=99–148 |date=1992 |publisher=Artizdat-5 |location=Sofia |chapter-url=http://www.savanne.ch/tusovka/en/will-firth/bulgaria.html#strandzha |oclc=27030696 }}</ref>
*[[1909]] &ndash; The [[Indianapolis Motor Speedway]] opens for [[automobile racing]]. [[William Bourque]] and his mechanic are killed during the first day's events.<ref>{{cite book|title=Indianapolis Medical Journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sM0yAQAAMAAJ|year=1922|page=151}}</ref>
*[[1920]] &ndash; The [[Tambov Rebellion]] breaks out, in response to the [[Bolshevik]] policy of ''[[Prodrazvyorstka]]''.<ref name="black book">Nicolas Werth, Karel Bartošek, Jean-Louis Panné, Jean-Louis Margolin, Andrzej Paczkowski, [[Stéphane Courtois]], ''[[The Black Book of Communism]]: Crimes, Terror, Repression'', [[Harvard University Press]], 1999, hardcover, 858 pages, {{ISBN|0-674-07608-7}}.</ref>
*[[1927]] &ndash; [[Patriarch Sergius of Moscow]] proclaims the declaration of loyalty of the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] to the [[Soviet Union]].
*[[1934]] &ndash; The first All-American [[Soap Box Derby]] is held in [[Dayton, Ohio]].
* 1934 &ndash; The [[German referendum, 1934|German referendum of 1934]] approves [[Adolf Hitler]]'s appointment as head of state with the title of [[Führer]].
*[[1936]] &ndash; The [[Great Purge]] of the [[Soviet Union]] begins when the first of the [[Moscow Trials]] is convened.
*[[1940]] &ndash; First flight of the [[North American B-25 Mitchell|B-25 Mitchell]] [[medium bomber]].
*[[1941]] &ndash; [[Nazi Germany|Germany]] and [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]] sign the [[Tiraspol Agreement]], rendering the region of [[Transnistria Governorate|Transnistria]] under control of the latter.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309415043|title=The beginning of war in the East and hastening the approaches against the Jewish population|first1=Adina|last1=Babeș|first2=Alexandru|last2=Florian|journal=Holocaust. Studii și cercetări|issue=7|year=2014|pages=30–44}}</ref>
*[[1942]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: [[Dieppe Raid|Operation Jubilee]] (The Dieppe Raid): The [[2nd Canadian Infantry Division]] leads an [[amphibious warfare|amphibious assault]] by [[Allies of World War II|allied forces]] on [[Dieppe]], France and fails.
*[[1944]] &ndash; World War II: [[Liberation of Paris]]: Paris, France rises against German occupation with the help of Allied troops.
*[[1945]] &ndash; [[August Revolution]]: [[Viet Minh]] led by [[Ho Chi Minh]] take power in Hanoi, Vietnam.
*[[1953]] &ndash; [[Cold War]]: The [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] and [[Secret Intelligence Service|MI6]] help to [[1953 Iranian coup d'état|overthrow]] the government of [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]] in Iran and reinstate the [[Shah]] [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]].
*[[1955]] &ndash; In the [[Northeastern United States|Northeast United States]], severe flooding caused by [[Hurricane Diane]], claims 200 lives.
*[[1960]] &ndash; Cold War: In Moscow, Russia, Soviet Union, downed American [[Lockheed U-2|U-2]] pilot [[Francis Gary Powers]] is sentenced to ten years imprisonment by the Soviet Union for [[espionage]].
* 1960 &ndash; [[List of spacecraft called Sputnik|Sputnik program]]: ''[[Korabl-Sputnik 2]]'': The Soviet Union launches the satellite with the [[dog]]s [[Soviet space dogs#Belka and Strelka|Belka and Strelka]], 40 mice, two rats and a variety of plants.
*[[1964]] &ndash; [[Syncom]] 3, the first [[geostationary communication satellite]], is launched. Two months later, it would enable live coverage of the [[1964 Summer Olympics]].
*[[1965]] &ndash; [[Prime Minister of Japan|Japanese prime minister]] [[Eisaku Satō]] becomes the first post-World War II sitting prime minister to visit [[Okinawa Prefecture]].
*[[1978]] &ndash; In Iran, the [[Cinema Rex fire]] causes more than 400 deaths.
*[[1980]] &ndash; [[Saudia Flight 163]], a [[Lockheed L-1011 TriStar]] burns after making an emergency landing at [[Riyadh Air Base|Riyadh International Airport]] in [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]], killing 301 people.
* 1980 &ndash; [[Otłoczyn railway accident]]: In Poland's worst post-war railway accident, 67 people lose their lives and a further 62 are injured.<ref>{{cite book |author=Haine |first=Edgar A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S7t8DW4iYDMC&pg=PA182 |title=Railroad Wrecks |publisher=Associated University Presses |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-8453-4844-4 |pages=182}}</ref>
*[[1981]] &ndash; [[Gulf of Sidra incident (1981)|Gulf of Sidra Incident]]: United States [[Grumman F-14 Tomcat|F-14A Tomcat]] fighters intercept and shoot down two [[Libyan Air Force (1951–2011)|Libyan]] [[Sukhoi Su-17|Sukhoi Su-22]] fighter jets over the [[Gulf of Sidra]].
*[[1987]] &ndash; [[Hungerford massacre]]: In the United Kingdom, Michael Ryan kills sixteen people with a [[semi-automatic rifle]] and then commits suicide.
*[[1989]] &ndash; Polish president [[Wojciech Jaruzelski]] nominates [[Solidarity (Polish trade union)|Solidarity]] activist [[Tadeusz Mazowiecki]] to be the first non-[[Communism|communist]] [[prime minister]] in 42 years.
* 1989 &ndash; Several hundred [[East Germany|East Germans]] cross the frontier between Hungary and Austria during the [[Pan-European Picnic]], part of the events that began the process of the [[Fall of the Berlin Wall]].
*[[1991]] &ndash; [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union]]: The [[1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt|August Coup]] begins when [[President of the Soviet Union|Soviet President]] [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] is placed under [[house arrest]] while on holiday in the town of [[Foros, Ukraine]].
* 1991 &ndash; [[Crown Heights riot]] begins.<ref>Shapiro, Edward S. (2002). "Interpretations of the Crown Heights Riot". American Jewish History.</ref>
*[[1999]] &ndash; In [[Belgrade]], [[Serbia and Montenegro|Yugoslavia]], tens of thousands of [[Serbia]]ns rally to demand the resignation of [[President of Serbia and Montenegro|Federal Republic of Yugoslavia President]] [[Slobodan Milošević]].
*[[2002]] &ndash; [[Khankala Mi-26 crash]]: A Russian [[Mil Mi-26]] helicopter carrying troops is hit by a [[Chechens|Chechen]] missile outside [[Grozny]], killing 118 soldiers.
*[[2003]] &ndash; A [[Canal Hotel bombing|truck-bomb attack]] on [[United Nations]] headquarters in [[Iraq]] kills the agency's top envoy [[Sérgio Vieira de Mello]] and 21 other employees.<ref>{{cite book|title=Report of the Security Council: 1 August 2013 - 31 July 2014|publisher=United Nations|year=2014|page=72}}</ref>
* 2003 &ndash; [[Shmuel HaNavi bus bombing]]: A suicide attack on a bus in [[Jerusalem]], planned by [[Hamas]], kills 23 Israelis, seven of them children.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFA-Archive/2003/Pages/Suicide%20bombing%20of%20No%202%20Egged%20bus%20in%20Jerusalem%20-%201.aspx|title=Suicide bombing of No 2 Egged bus in Jerusalem-19-Aug-2003|publisher=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs|access-date=17 August 2020}}</ref>
*[[2004]] &ndash; [[Google|Google Inc.]] has its [[initial public offering]] on [[Nasdaq]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=30 June 2014 |title=Google Fast Facts |url=https://www.cnn.com/2014/06/30/business/google-fast-facts/index.html |access-date=2022-01-12 |website=[[CNN]] }}</ref>
*[[2005]] &ndash; The first-ever joint military exercise between Russia and China, called [[Peace Mission 2005]] begins.
*[[2009]] &ndash; A [[August 2009 Baghdad bombings|series of bombings]] in [[Baghdad]], Iraq, kills 101 and injures 565 others.
*[[2010]] &ndash; [[Iraq War|Operation Iraqi Freedom]] ends, with the last of the United States [[brigade]] combat teams crossing the border to [[Kuwait]].
*[[2013]] &ndash; The [[Dhamara Ghat train accident]] kills at least 37 people in the Indian state of [[Bihar]].
*[[2017]] &ndash; Tens of thousands of farmed non-native [[Atlantic salmon]] are accidentally released into the wild in [[Washington (state)|Washington]] waters in the [[Cypress Island Atlantic salmon pen break|2017 Cypress Island Atlantic salmon pen break]].