Editing August 12 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[1099]] &ndash; [[First Crusade]]: [[Battle of Ascalon]] Crusaders under the command of [[Godfrey of Bouillon]] defeat [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimid]] forces led by [[Al-Afdal Shahanshah]]. This is considered the last engagement of the First Crusade.<ref>{{cite book|author=John France|title=Victory in the East: A Military History of the First Crusade|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Exxeto51p3cC&pg=PA362|year=1994|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-58987-1|pages=362}}</ref>
*[[1121]] &ndash; [[Battle of Didgori]]: The [[Georgia (country)|Georgian]] army under King [[David IV of Georgia|David IV]] wins a decisive victory over the famous [[Seljuq dynasty|Seljuk]] commander [[Ilghazi]].
*[[1164]] &ndash; [[Battle of Harim]]: [[Nur ad-Din Zangi]] defeats the [[Crusades|Crusader]] armies of the [[County of Tripoli]] and the [[Principality of Antioch]].<ref>{{cite book|author=R. C. Smail|title=Crusading Warfare 1097–1193|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GZ08AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA183|year=1956|publisher=CUP Archive|isbn=978-0-521-09730-7|pages=183}}</ref>
*[[1323]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Nöteborg]] between Sweden and [[Novgorod Republic]] is signed, regulating the border between the two countries for the first time.<ref name="Christiansen1997">{{cite book|author=Eric Christiansen|title=The Northern Crusades|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1OWoMo5ZsAC&pg=PT159|year= 1997|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-0-14-193736-6|pages=159–}}</ref>
*[[1492]] &ndash; [[Christopher Columbus]] arrives in the [[Canary Islands]] on his first voyage to the New World.
*[[1499]] &ndash; First engagement of the [[Battle of Zonchio]] between [[Republic of Venice|Venetian]] and [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] fleets.
===1601–1900===
*[[1624]] &ndash; [[Charles de La Vieuville]] is arrested and replaced by [[Cardinal Richelieu]] as the French king's chief advisor.
*[[1676]] &ndash; [[Praying Indian]] [[John Alderman]] shoots and kills [[Metacomet]], the [[Wampanoag people|Wampanoag]] war chief, ending [[King Philip's War]].
*[[1687]] &ndash; [[Battle of Mohács (1687)|Battle of Mohács]]: [[Charles V, Duke of Lorraine|Charles of Lorraine]] defeats the [[Ottoman Empire]].
*[[1765]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Allahabad]] is signed. The Treaty marks the political and constitutional involvement and the beginning of [[Company rule in India]].
*[[1788]] &ndash; The [[Anjala conspiracy]] is signed.<ref>[http://www.anjala-seura.info/anjalan_liitto/Untitled-1.htm Anjalan liitto – Anjala-seura] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621015842/http://anjala-seura.info/anjalan_liitto/Untitled-1.htm |date=2021-06-21 }} (in Finnish)</ref>
*[[1793]] &ndash; The [[Rhône (department)|Rhône]] and [[Loire (department)|Loire]] ''[[Departments of France|départments]]'' are created when the former ''département'' of [[Rhône-et-Loire]] is split into two.
*[[1806]] &ndash; [[Santiago de Liniers, 1st Count of Buenos Aires]] re-takes the city of [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]] after the [[British invasions of the River Plate|first British invasion]].
*[[1831]] &ndash; French intervention forces [[William I of the Netherlands]] to abandon [[Ten Days' Campaign|his attempt]] to suppress the [[Belgian Revolution]].
*[[1851]] &ndash; [[Isaac Singer]] is granted a patent for his [[sewing machine]].<ref>{{cite magazine |title=The Invention That Spawned a Fashion Revolution |url=https://time.com/3985665/sewing-machine-invented/ |magazine=Time |access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref>
*[[1865]] &ndash; [[Joseph Lister]], British surgeon and scientist,  performs the first antiseptic surgery.
*[[1883]] &ndash; The last [[quagga]] dies at the [[Natura Artis Magistra]], a zoo in [[Amsterdam]], Netherlands.
*[[1898]] &ndash; The [[Flag of Hawaii|Hawaiian flag]] is lowered from [[ʻIolani Palace]] in an elaborate annexation ceremony and replaced with the [[flag of the United States]] to signify the transfer of sovereignty from the [[Republic of Hawaii]] to the United States where it is formally recognized as [[Hawaii]].
===1901–present===
*[[1914]] &ndash; [[World War I]]: The United Kingdom and the [[British Empire]] declare war on [[Austria-Hungary]].
*  1914   &ndash; World War I: The [[Battle of Halen]] a.k.a. Battle of the Silver Helmets a clash between large Belgian and German [[cavalry]] formations at [[Halen]], Belgium.
*[[1944]] &ndash; [[Waffen-SS]] troops massacre 560 people in [[Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre|Sant'Anna di Stazzema]].
*  1944   &ndash; [[Nazi Germany|Nazi German]] troops end the week-long [[Wola massacre]], during which time at least 40,000 people are killed indiscriminately or in mass executions.
*  1944   &ndash; [[Alençon]] is liberated by General [[Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque]], the first city in France to be liberated from the [[Nazism|Nazis]] by French forces.
*[[1948]] &ndash; Between 15 and 150 unarmed members of the Khudai Khidmatgar movement are [[Babrra massacre|killed]] by Pakistani police.
*[[1950]] &ndash; [[Korean War]]: [[Bloody Gulch massacre]]: Seventy-five American POWs are massacred by the [[Korean People's Army|North Korean Army]].
*[[1952]] &ndash; The [[Night of the Murdered Poets]]: Thirteen prominent Jewish intellectuals are murdered in Moscow, Russia, Soviet Union.
*[[1953]] &ndash; First thermonuclear bomb [[Nuclear weapons testing|test]]: The [[Soviet atomic bomb project]] continues with the detonation of "RDS-6s" (''[[Joe 4]]'') using a "[[Nuclear_weapon_design#Alarm_Clock/Sloika|layered]]" scheme.
*  1953   &ndash; The 7.2 {{M|s}} [[1953 Ionian earthquake|Ionian earthquake]] shakes the southern [[Ionian Islands]] with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of X (''Extreme''). Between 445 and 800 people are killed.
*[[1960]] &ndash; ''[[Echo 1A]]'', NASA's first successful [[communications satellite]], is launched.<ref>{{cite web |title=Echo {{!}} satellite |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Echo-satellite |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=26 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1964]] &ndash; [[South Africa]] is [[Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics|banned]] from the [[Olympic Games]] due to the country's [[Apartheid in South Africa|racist policies]].
*[[1969]] &ndash; Violence erupts after the [[Apprentice Boys of Derry]] march in [[Derry|Derry, Northern Ireland]], resulting in a three-day communal riot known as the [[Battle of the Bogside]].
*[[1976]] &ndash; Between 1,000 and 3,500 [[Palestinians]] are killed in the [[Tel al-Zaatar massacre]], one of the bloodiest events of the [[Lebanese Civil War]].
*[[1977]] &ndash; The first [[Approach and Landing Tests|free flight]] of the {{ship|Space Shuttle|Enterprise}}.
*  1977   &ndash; The [[1977 anti-Tamil pogrom|Sri Lanka Riots]]: Targeting the minority [[Sri Lanka]]n [[Tamils]], begin, less than a month after the [[United National Party]] came to power. Over 300 Tamils are killed.
*[[1981]] &ndash; The [[IBM Personal Computer]] is released.
*[[1984]] &ndash; An [[1984 Braves–Padres bean brawl|infamous brawl]] takes place at the [[Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium]] between the [[Atlanta Braves]] and [[San Diego Padres]].<ref>{{cite magazine |title=This day in baseball: Braves, Padres engage in mega-brawl |url=https://www.si.com/mlb/2015/08/12/atlanta-braves-san-diego-padres-brawl-fight-1984 |access-date=June 24, 2024 |magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]] |date=August 12, 1985}}</ref>
*[[1985]] &ndash; [[Japan Air Lines Flight 123]] crashes into [[Mount Osutaka|Osutaka]] ridge in [[Gunma Prefecture]], Japan, killing 520, to become the worst single-plane air disaster.
*[[1990]] &ndash; [[Sue (dinosaur)|Sue]], the largest and most complete ''[[Tyrannosaurus rex]]'' skeleton found to date, is discovered by [[Sue Hendrickson]] in [[South Dakota]].
*[[1992]] &ndash; Canada, Mexico and the United States announce completion of negotiations for the [[North American Free Trade Agreement]] (NAFTA).
*[[1994]] &ndash; [[Major League Baseball]] players go on [[1994–95 Major League Baseball strike|strike]], eventually forcing the cancellation of the [[1994 World Series]].
*[[2000]] &ndash; The [[Russian Navy]] submarine {{ship|Russian submarine|Kursk|K-141|2}} [[Kursk submarine disaster|explodes and sinks]] in the [[Barents Sea]] during a [[military exercise]], killing her entire 118-man crew.
*[[2015]] &ndash; At least [[2015 Tianjin explosions|two massive explosions]] kill 173 people and injure nearly 800 more in [[Tianjin]], China.
*[[2016]] &ndash; [[Syrian civil war]]: The [[Syrian Democratic Forces]] (SDF) [[Manbij offensive (2016)|capture]] the city of [[Manbij]] from the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (ISIL).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-37063857|title=Syria rebels 'cut off IS escape route' through Manbij|publisher=BBC|date=12 August 2016|access-date=12 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/sdf-captures-isiss-largest-stronghold-aleppo/|title=SDF captures ISIS's largest stronghold in Aleppo|first=Izat|last=Charkatli|date=12 August 2016|access-date=20 July 2021|archive-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327103044/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/sdf-captures-isiss-largest-stronghold-aleppo/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-islamic-state-idUSKCN10N178|title=U.S.-backed forces say launch final assault against Islamic State in Syria's Manbij|work=Reuters|date=12 August 2016|access-date=12 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dw.com/en/islamic-state-abducts-2000-civilians-in-northern-syria/a-19471640|title=U.S.-backed forces say launch final assault against Islamic State in Syria's Manbij|publisher=Deutsche Welle|date=12 August 2016|access-date=12 August 2016}}</ref>
*[[2017]] - The [[Unite the Right rally]] occurs in [[Charlottesville, Virginia]], leading to the deaths of 3 and injuring nearly 50 more.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-26 |title= Independent Review of the 2017 Protest Events in Charlottesville, Virginia|url=http://www.charlottesville.org/home/showdocument?id=59615 |access-date=2024-04-26 |archive-date=2018-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226033207/http://www.charlottesville.org/home/showdocument?id=59615 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[2018]] &ndash; Thirty-nine civilians, including a dozen children, are killed in an explosion at a weapons depot in [[Sarmada]], Syria.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-45162822|title=Arms depot in Syria's Idlib province kills 39 – monitor|newspaper=BBC News World Middle East|date=August 12, 2018 }}</ref>
*[[2021]] &ndash; Six people, five victims and the perpetrator are killed in  Keyham, [[Plymouth]] in the [[Plymouth shooting|worst mass shooting in the UK]] since [[2010 Cumbria Shootings|2010]].<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-devon-58197414|title= Plymouth shooting: Jake Davison named as gunman who killed five|publisher=BBC News|date=12 August 2021|access-date=13 August 2021}}</ref>