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== History == [[File:Bruce, William - Auburn, New York (1909).jpg|thumb|left|''Auburn, New York'' (1909), by William Bruce (1861–1911)]] [[File:Auburn Works No. 1, Auburn, N.Y LCCN2007663994 crop.tif|thumb|left|The Auburn Works in 1907]] [[File:State Street from Genesee Street, Auburn, NY.jpg|thumb|left|State Street in 1910]] The region around Auburn had been [[Iroqouis|Haudenosaunee]] territory for centuries before European contact and historical records. Auburn was founded in 1793, during the post-Revolutionary period of settlement of western New York. The founder, John L. Hardenbergh, was a veteran of the Sullivan-Clinton campaign against the Iroquois during the American Revolution. Hardenbergh settled in the vicinity of the Owasco River with his infant daughter and two African-American indentured servants, Harry and Kate Freeman. After his death in 1806, Hardenbergh was buried in Auburn's North Street Cemetery, and was re-interred in 1852 in Fort Hill Cemetery β the first burial in the city's newly opened burial ground. The community grew up around Hardenbergh's gristmill and sawmill.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tourauburnny.com/visitor-history-tours-auburn.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717080046/http://www.tourauburnny.com/visitor-history-tours-auburn.asp|url-status=dead|title=Historical & Cultural Auburn, New York|archive-date=July 17, 2011}}</ref> Originally known as Hardenbergh's Corners in the town of [[Aurelius, New York|Aurelius]], the settlement was renamed Auburn in 1805 when it became the county seat.<ref>The name ''Auburn'' resonated with the opening lines of [[Oliver Goldsmith]]'s then-familiar poem "[[The Deserted Village]]" (1770): "Sweet Auburn, loveliest village of the plain, Where health and plenty cheered the labouring swain."</ref> It became an incorporated village in 1815, and was chartered as a city in 1848. It was only a few miles from the [[Erie Canal]], which opened in 1825 and allowed local factories to inexpensively ship goods north or south. In 1871, the Southern Central Railroad, financed by the [[Lehigh Valley Railroad]], completed a line primarily to carry [[anthracite|anthracite coal]] from [[Athens, Pennsylvania]] through Auburn to [[wharf|wharves]] on [[Lake Ontario]] at [[Fair Haven, New York|Fair Haven]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lvrrhs.org/history/index.htm|title=Lehigh Valley Railroad Historical Society | History|website=www.lvrrhs.org}}</ref> From 1818 to 1939, Auburn was home to [[Auburn Theological Seminary]], one of the preeminent theological seminaries in the United States. In 1939, facing financial difficulties as a result of the [[Great Depression]], the seminary moved to the campus of [[Union Theological Seminary (New York City)|Union Theological Seminary]] in [[New York City]]. The only building from the Auburn Theological Seminary that stands today is [[Willard Memorial Chapel]] and the adjacent Welch Memorial Hall on Nelson Street, designed by [[Andrew Jackson Warner]] of [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]], with [[stained-glass]] windows and interior decoration by [[Louis Comfort Tiffany]]. It is the only complete and unaltered Tiffany chapel interior known to exist. In 1816, Auburn Prison (now the [[Auburn Correctional Facility]]) was founded as a model for the contemporary ideas about treating prisoners, known now as the [[Auburn system]]. Visitors were charged a fee for viewing the facility and its inmates. On August 6, 1890, the first [[capital punishment|execution]] by the [[electric chair]] was carried out at Auburn Prison. In 1901 [[Leon Czolgosz]], assassin of [[William McKinley|President William McKinley]], was executed there. Although the ideas of the Auburn System have been abandoned, the prison continues to serve as a maximum security facility, and is one of the most secure prisons in the continental United States.
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