Editing Ath (section)

==History==

===Toponymy===
The name ''Athum'' is attested first in 1076. Other spellings include ''Aat'' and ''Aeth.'' It may refer to a fortified place on a [[Ford (crossing)|ford]] ([[Celtic languages|Celtic]] origin; cf. [[Irish language|Irish]] name of Dublin, ''Baile Átha Cliath'', where ''Átha'' clearly means the ford, as oft-elsewhere in [[Ireland]] where there is a river to cross).

===Pre–1500===
Archeological records show the existence of several [[Gallo-Roman]] settlements in the Ath area.  The origin of the city of Ath, however, dates from around 1160, when Count [[Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut|Baudouin IV]] of [[County of Hainaut|Hainaut]], bought some territory from his liegeman, Gilles de Trazegnies.  A few years later, Baldwin built the Burbant Tower &ndash; which can still be seen today &ndash; to protect his new acquisition.  The new city was soon given privileges and its newly built (1325) market hall on the ''Grand-Place'' began to attract residents.

Ath was the setting of the "Peace of Ath", signed on June{{nbsp}}4, 1357, to end the question of the [[Duchy of Brabant|Brabant]] succession.<ref>{{cite book |first=LHJ |last=Sickling |title=Neptune and the Netherlands: State, Economy, and War at Sea in the Renaissance |page=22}}</ref>  By then, the weekly Ath market, which took place &ndash; and still takes place &ndash; on Thursdays, had started attracting sellers from a much larger region.  The production of linen, cloth, hide, and luxury items such as gold ware, cabinets, and sculptures was growing fast.  The population growth necessitated the building of a second wall, which was completed at the end of the 14th century.  In 1416, the city built a school for the study of [[Latin]], which [[Justus Lipsius]] attended. The city counted then about 5,000 people.

===1501–present===
In 1667, Ath was conquered in a single day by the army of [[Louis XIV]] and became the first [[France|French]] city of the [[Spanish Netherlands]].  Soon after, [[Vauban]] built new fortifications, which included eight bastions. The city suffered again at the hands of the French army in 1745. At the end of the 18th century, Ath counted about 7,300 inhabitants but the population count decreased in the first half of the 19th century.

In 1816, two military engineering surveys concluded that Ath defences should be improved, the British survey recommended a garrison of 3,000 troops and the building cost would be £143,599. The Dutch wished to spend an additional £266,000. The [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Duke of Wellington]] agreed to the Dutch plan. The funding was paid for by England (30%), Holland (30%) and by French war reparations (40%).<ref>{{cite book |last=Porter |first=Maj Gen Whitworth |title=History of the Corps of Royal Engineers Vol I |year=1889 |publisher=The Institution of Royal Engineers |location=Chatham}}</ref>{{rp|388}} In 1824, the [[Dutch people|Dutch]] under King [[William I of the Netherlands|William I]], built the Féron Fort, and the city once more gained strategic value.

A treaty drafted in London on 15 November 1831,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VW9bAAAAQAAJ&q=ath+fortress+demolished&pg=RA1-PR8 |title=State Papers|year=1832}}</ref>  which the Netherlands refused to sign, was followed by the [[Treaty of London (1839)]], which created the [[Kingdom of Belgium]]. Part of the terms of the treaty required the fort, amongst others, to be dismantled.

The freed up land assisted the town for the activities of a growing population.  A new growth period took place between 1850 and 1914 driven by the forestry, agricultural (breweries, mills) and textile industries.

In the 20th century, most of these industries went into decline and were replaced by commercial, administrative and educational activities. In the last 30 years, several neighbourhoods have been revitalized and developed, and the city's monuments renovated or restored.

=== July 30, 2004 explosions ===
The Ghislenghien industrial park near Ath was the scene of one of Belgium's worst ever industrial disasters on July 30, 2004. Around 8:30&nbsp;am [[Central European Time|local time]], workers constructing a new factory for [[abrasive]]s firm {{ill|Diamant Boart|nl}} (a [[subsidiary]] of the [[Electrolux|Electrolux Group]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.diamant-boart.com/|title=Diamant Boart|website=www.diamant-boart.com|access-date=18 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.electroluxgroup.com/en/electrolux-to-acquire-diamant-boart-international-world-leader-in-diamond-tools-1806|title=Electrolux to acquire Diamant Boart International, world-leader in diamond tools|website=Electrolux Group|date=2 May 2002 }}</ref> reported a strong smell of [[natural gas|gas]]. It is believed the gas was escaping from a high-pressure underground [[Pipeline transport|pipeline]] conveying natural gas from [[Zeebrugge]] to [[France]], operated by gas transportation company [[Fluxys]]. [[Firefighter]]s were soon on the scene and were attempting to clear the area when at least two explosions occurred at around 9:00&nbsp;am. The strongest of these demolished the partly built Diamant Boart structure, and fires were started in several other buildings. 24 people were killed, with over 120 injured. Five volunteer firemen and one police officer were among the dead.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/38501/tribute-to-the-victims-of-the-ghislenghien-explosion-12-years-on|title=Tribute to the victims of the Ghislenghien explosion, 12 years on|first=The Brussels|last=Times|website=www.brusselstimes.com}}</ref>