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==Causes== The Asian brown cloud is created by a range of [[airborne particles]] and pollutants from [[combustion]] (e.g., [[woodfires]], cars, and factories), [[biomass]] burning<ref name="Gustafsson-09">{{cite journal |last1=Gustafsson |first1=Örjan |last2=Kruså |first2=Martin |last3=Zencak |first3=Zdenek |last4=Sheesley |first4=R. J. |last5=Granat |first5=Lennart |last6=Engström |first6=Erik |last7=Praveen |first7=P. S. |last8=Rao |first8=P. S. P. |last9=Leck |first9=Caroline |last10=Rodhe |first10=Henning |year=2009 |title=Brown Clouds over South Asia: Biomass or Fossil Fuel Combustion? |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=323 |issue= 5913|pages=495–498 |doi=10.1126/science.1164857 |pmid=19164746|bibcode = 2009Sci...323..495G |s2cid=44712883 |display-authors=etal}}</ref> and industrial processes with [[incomplete burning]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Taylor|first=David|title=The ABCs of Haze|journal=[[Environmental Health Perspectives]] |volume=111|issue=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060828001357/http://www.ehponline.org/docs/2003/111-1/forum.html#thea|archive-date=2006-08-28|url=http://www.ehponline.org/docs/2003/111-1/forum.html#thea|date=1 January 2003|pages=A21–A22|doi=10.1289/ehp.111-a21a|pmc=1241333}}</ref> The cloud is associated with the winter [[monsoon]] (October/November to February/March) during which there is no rain to wash pollutants from the air.<ref name="Petit">Petit, C. W. (2003) "A darkening sky: A smoky shroud over Asia blocks both sun and rain" ''U.S. News & World Report'' (17 March 2003), 134(8): pp. 46-8</ref>
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