Editing Arthur Phillip (section)

==Early life==
Arthur Phillip was born on 11&nbsp;October 1738, in the [[All Hallows, Bread Street|Parish of All Hallows]], in [[Bread Street]], [[London]]. He was the son of Jacob Phillip, an immigrant from [[Frankfurt]], who by various accounts was a language teacher, a merchant vessel owner, a merchant captain, or a common seaman. His mother, Elizabeth Breach, was the widow of a common seaman by the name of John Herbert, who had died of disease in [[Jamaica]] aboard {{HMS|Tartar|1702|6}} on 13&nbsp;August 1732.{{sfn|Hiscocks|2018a}} At the time of Arthur Phillip's birth, his family maintained a modest existence as tenants near [[Cheapside]] in the [[City of London]].{{sfn|Pembroke|2013|p=5}}

There are no surviving records of Phillip's early childhood. His father, Jacob, died in 1739, after which the Phillip family would have a low income.{{sfn|Parker|2009|pp=2–3}} Arthur went to sea on a British naval vessel aged nine.{{sfn|Pembroke|2013|p=9}} On 22&nbsp;June 1751, he was accepted into the [[Royal Hospital School|Greenwich Hospital School]], a [[charity school]] for the sons of indigent seafarers.{{sfn|Pembroke|2013|p=9}} In accordance with the school's curriculum, his education focused on literacy, arithmetic, and navigational skills, including cartography. His headmaster, Reverend Francis Swinden, observed that in personality, Phillip was "unassuming, reasonable, business-like to the smallest degree in everything he undertakes".{{sfn|Pembroke|2013|p=12}}

Phillip remained at the Greenwich Hospital School for two and a half years, longer than the average student stay of one year.{{sfn|Parker|2009|p=4}} At the end of 1753, he was granted a seven-year indenture as an apprentice aboard ''Fortune'', a 210-ton whaling vessel commanded by merchant mariner William Readhead. Phillip left the Greenwich Hospital School on 1&nbsp;December, and spent the next few months aboard the ''Fortune'', awaiting the start of the 1754 whaling season.{{sfn|Pembroke|2013|p=12}}

Contemporary portraits depict Phillip as shorter than average, with an olive complexion and dark eyes.{{sfn|Tink|2009|pp=30–31}} A long nose and a pronounced lower lip dominated his "smooth pear of a skull" as quoted by [[Robert Hughes (critic)|Robert Hughes]].{{sfn|Hughes|1986|p=67}}