Editing Arlington, Massachusetts (section)

== History ==
[[File:Patriots' Grave, Old Burying Ground, Arlington, Massachusetts.JPG|thumb|Patriots' Grave in the [[Old Burying Ground (Arlington, Massachusetts)|Old Burying Ground]]]]
European colonists settled the Town of Arlington in 1635 as a village within the boundaries of [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]], under the name '''Menotomy''', an [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]] word considered by some to mean "swift running water", though linguistic anthropologists dispute that translation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.menotomyjournal.com/truemeaningofmenotomy.pdf|title=The True Meaning of Menotomy|last=Porter|first=Jim|website=Menotomy Journal|access-date=August 26, 2019}}</ref> A larger area was incorporated on February 27, 1807, as '''West Cambridge''', replacing Menotomy. This includes the town of [[Belmont, Massachusetts|Belmont]], and outwards to the shore of the [[Mystic River]], which had previously been part of [[Charlestown, Massachusetts|Charlestown]]. The town was renamed '''Arlington''' on April 30, 1867, in honor of those buried in [[Arlington National Cemetery]].

The [[Massachusett]] tribe lived around the [[Mystic Lakes]], the Mystic River, and [[Alewife Brook]]. Chief [[Nanepashemet]] was killed by a rival tribe in about 1619, and Nanepashemet's widow "[[Squaw Sachem of Mistick]]" became the acknowledged leader of the tribe. In 1639, she deeded the land of what was then Cambridge and Watertown to the colonists. She lived her last years on the west side of the Mystic Lakes near Medford, where she died sometime between 1650 and 1667.<ref>Hurd, Duane Hamilton (1890). History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts, Volume 1. Philadelphia: J. W. Lewis. Retrieved February 25, 2010.</ref>

[[File:Jason Russell House - Arlington, Massachusetts.JPG|thumb|right|The [[Jason Russell House]].]]
A stream called Mill Brook flows through the town, which historically figured largely into Arlington's economy. In 1637, Captain George Cooke built the first mill in this area. Subsequently, seven mills were built along the stream, including the [[Old Schwamb Mill]], which still survives. The Schwamb Mill has been a working mill since 1650, making it the longest working mill in the country.

[[Paul Revere]]'s midnight ride to alert colonists took him through Menotomy,<ref>{{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Paul Revere's Ride |year=1994 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=[[New York, New York]] |isbn=0-19-508847-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195088472 }}</ref> now known as Arlington. Later on that first day of the [[American Revolution]], more blood was shed in Menotomy than in the [[Battle of Lexington and Concord|battles of Lexington and Concord]] combined. [[Minutemen (militia)|Minutemen]] from surrounding towns converged on Menotomy to ambush the British on their retreat from [[Concord, Massachusetts|Concord]] and [[Lexington, Massachusetts|Lexington]]. Twenty-five Americans were killed in Menotomy, half of all Americans killed in the day's battles, as well as 40 British troops (more than half their fatalities). Arlington resident [[Cyrus Dallin]] would later create an iconic sculpture of the midnight rider; a version can be seen at the town's [[Cyrus Dallin Art Museum]].

[[File:1852 Middlesex Canal (Massachusetts) map.jpg|thumb|1852 Map of Boston area showing Arlington, then called West Cambridge. The former [[Middlesex Canal]] is highlighted.]]

The [[Jason Russell House]] is a museum which remembers those 12 Americans who were killed in and around this pictured dwelling on April 19, 1775. Bullet holes are visible in the interior walls to this day.

In its early years, Arlington was a thriving farming community and had its own lettuce that was quite popular.<ref name="town of arlington history">{{cite web |url=http://www.town.arlington.ma.us/Public_Documents/ArlingtonMA_WebDocs/ArlingtonHistory |title=History |access-date=January 17, 2008 |work=Town of Arlington |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080109160049/http://www.town.arlington.ma.us/Public_Documents/ArlingtonMA_WebDocs/ArlingtonHistory |archive-date=January 9, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Arlington had a large ice industry on [[Spy Pond]] from the mid-19th century until the last ice house burned down in 1930; much of its ice was sent to the Caribbean and India by "Ice King" [[Frederic Tudor]].

Arlington's population grew by over 90 percent during the 1920s.<ref>Schaeffer, K. H. and Elliott Sclar. ''Access for All: Transportation and Urban Growth''. [[Columbia University Press]], 1980. Accessed on [[Google Books]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=xSty8KR3clIC&dq=Braintree+suburbanization&pg=PA86 86]. Retrieved on January 16, 2010. {{ISBN|978-0-231-05165-1}}.</ref> In 1979, the first spreadsheet software program [[VisiCalc]] was developed by [[Bob Frankston]] and [[Dan Bricklin]] in the attic of the Arlington apartment rented by [[Bob Frankston]].<ref name="frankston">{{cite web|url=http://www.bricklin.com/history/saiearly.htm |title=Early Days |publisher=Bricklin.com |date=January 2, 1979 |access-date=October 13, 2012}}</ref>

[[File:Middlesex county 1875 - arlington - p101 500.jpg|right|thumb|250px|An 1875 map of Arlington]]