Editing Arginine (section)

==History==
Arginine was first isolated in 1886 from [[Lupinus luteus|yellow lupin]] seedlings by the German chemist [[Ernst Schulze (chemist)|Ernst Schulze]] and his assistant Ernst Steiger.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arginium.de/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Biographie-Ernst-Schulze-Juli-2015.pdf|title=Biographie von Ernst Schulze| vauthors = Apel F |date=July 2015|access-date=2017-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117031718/http://www.arginium.de/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Biographie-Ernst-Schulze-Juli-2015.pdf |archive-date=17 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| vauthors = Schulze E, Steiger E |date=1887|title=Ueber das Arginin|trans-title=On arginine|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924078260597;view=1up;seq=55| journal=Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie|volume=11|issue=1–2|pages=43–65}}</ref> He named it from the Greek ''árgyros'' (ἄργυρος) meaning "silver" due to the silver-white appearance of arginine nitrate crystals.<ref>{{cite web |title=BIOETYMOLOGY: ORIGIN IN BIO-MEDICAL TERMS: arginine (Arg R) |url=https://bioetymology.blogspot.com/2012/03/arginin-arg-r.html |access-date=25 July 2019}}</ref> In 1897, Schulze and Ernst Winterstein (1865–1949) determined the structure of arginine.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Schulze E, Winterstein E |title=Ueber ein Spaltungs-product des Arginins |trans-title=On a cleavage product of arginine |language=de |journal=Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft |date=September 1897 |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=2879–2882 |doi=10.1002/cber.18970300389 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1684244 }} The structure for arginine is presented on p. 2882.</ref> Schulze and Winterstein synthesized arginine from [[ornithine]] and [[cyanamide]] in 1899,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Schulze E, Winterstein E |title=Ueber die Constitution des Arginins |trans-title=On the constitution of arginine |language=de |journal=Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft |date=October 1899 |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=3191–3194 |doi=10.1002/cber.18990320385 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1617372 }}</ref> but some doubts about arginine's structure lingered<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Cohen JB |title=Organic Chemistry for Advanced Students, Part 3 |date=1919 |publisher=Longmans, Green & Co. |location=New York, New York, USA |page=140 |edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NW3SAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA140}}</ref> until [[S.P.L. Sørensen|Sørensen's]] synthesis of 1910.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sölrensen SP |title=Über die Synthese des ''dl''-Arginins (α-Amino-δ-guanido-''n''-valeriansäure) und der isomeren α-Guanido-δ-amino-''n''-valeriansäure |trans-title=On the synthesis of racemic arginine (α-amino-δ-guanido-''n''-valeric acid) and of the isomeric α-guanido-δ-amino-''n''-valeric acid |language=de |journal=Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft |date=January 1910 |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=643–651 |doi=10.1002/cber.191004301109 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/2450981 }}</ref>