Editing Arena rock (section)

==Characteristics==
[[File:Queen 12041982 01 800b.jpg|thumb|right|This [[Queen (band)|Queen]] concert in [[Drammen]], Norway, in April 1982 shows the scale and lighting of an arena rock concert, emphasis being on the performed spectacle.|alt=Queen performs a live concert in Norway in 1982.]]

Historian Gary A. Donaldson has summed up arena rock as "big hair, big voices, and really big guitars". In contrast to other types of music with a more raw, time-worn approach, arena rock musicians emphasize dramatic production. With bands deliberately designing their material for large audiences, the songs focus on [[melody]], often featuring strident [[strophic form|choruses]]. [[Effects unit|Guitar effects]] and the use of [[keyboard instrument]]s are significant elements of the genre.{{sfn|McDonald|2009|pp=54–56, 62–65, 196–206}}{{sfn|Donaldson|2009|p=248}}{{sfn|Crystal|2014|p=220}} Fireworks displays, use of smoke, and methods of sophisticated lighting, have become part of the visual aesthetics of what is known as arena rock.{{sfn|Shuker|2002|p=158}}