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Araucaria araucana
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== Description == [[File:Zweig der Andentannne.JPG|thumb|left|The leaves of ''A. araucana'']] [[File:A young Araucaria araucana.jpg|thumb|A young cultivated specimen]] The [[leaf|leaves]] are thick, tough, and scale-like, triangular, {{convert|3|–|4|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|1|–|3|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} broad at the base, and with sharp edges and tips. According to the scientist Christopher Lusk, the leaves have an average lifespan of 24 years<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lusk|first1=Christopher H.|title=Leaf life spans of some conifers of the temperate forests of South America|journal=Revista Chilena de Historia Natural|date=2001|volume=74|issue=3|pages=711–718|doi=10.4067/S0716-078X2001000300017|url=http://rchn.biologiachile.cl/pdfs/2001/3/Lusk_2001.pdf|access-date=6 November 2017|doi-access=free}}</ref> and so cover most of the tree except for the older branches. It is usually [[dioecious]], with the male and female [[Conifer cone|cones]] on separate trees, though occasional individuals bear cones of both sexes. The male (pollen) cones are oblong and cucumber-shaped, {{convert|4|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} long at first, expanding to {{convert|8|–|12|cm|in|frac=2|abbr=on}} long by {{convert|5|–|6|cm|in|frac=2|abbr=on}} broad at pollen release. It is wind pollinated. The female (seed) cones, which mature in autumn about 18 months after pollination, are globose, large, {{convert|12|–|20|cm|in|frac=2|abbr=on}} in diameter, and hold about 200 seeds. The cones disintegrate at maturity to release the {{convert|3|–|4|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} long [[nut (fruit)|nut]]-like seeds. The thick bark of ''Araucaria araucana'' (up to six inches (15 cm) in thickness) may be an adaptation to [[wildfire]].<ref name=SanmayDonoso95>{{cite book |last1=Veblen |first1=Thomas T.|last2=Kitzberger |first2=Thomas|last3=Burns |first3=Bruce R.|last4=Rebertus |first4=Alan J.|author-link1=Thomas T. Veblen |date=1995|editor-last=Armesto|editor-first=Juan J. |editor-last2=Villagrán|editor-first2=Carolina|editor-last3=Arroyo|editor-first3=Mary Kalin|editor-link2=Carolina Villagrán|editor-link3=Mary Kalin Arroyo |title=Ecología de los bosques nativos de Chile|chapter=Perturbaciones y dinámica de regeneración en bosques andinos del sur de Chile y Argentina|location=Santiago de Chile |publisher=[[Editorial Universitaria]] |pages=169–198 |isbn=978-9561112841 |language=es|trans-chapter=Natural disturbance and regeneration dynamics in Andean forests of southern Chile and Argentina}}</ref>
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