Editing April 30 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[AD 311|311]] &ndash; The [[Diocletianic Persecution]] of Christians in the [[Roman Empire]] ends.<ref>Stevenson, J. ''A New Eusebius'' SPCK 1965, p. 296</ref>
*[[1315]] &ndash; [[Enguerrand de Marigny]] is hanged at the instigation of [[Charles, Count of Valois]].
*[[1492]] &ndash; Spain gives [[Christopher Columbus]] his commission of exploration. He is named admiral of the ocean sea, viceroy and governor of any territory he discovers.<ref>{{cite book|first=Clifton|last=Daniel|title=Chronicle of America|publisher=Chronicle publication|year=1989|page=16|isbn=0-13-133745-9}}</ref> 
*[[1513]] &ndash; [[Edmund de la Pole, 3rd Duke of Suffolk|Edmund de la Pole]], Yorkist pretender to the English throne, is executed on the orders of [[Henry VIII]].
*[[1598]] &ndash; [[Juan de Oñate]] begins the conquest of [[Santa Fe de Nuevo México]].
*  1598   &ndash; [[Henry IV of France]] issues the [[Edict of Nantes]], allowing [[freedom of religion]] to the [[Huguenot]]s.

===1601–1900===
*[[1636]] &ndash; [[Eighty Years' War]]: [[Dutch Republic]] forces recapture a strategically important fort from Spain after [[Siege of Schenkenschans|a nine-month siege]].
*[[1789]] &ndash; On the balcony of [[Federal Hall]] on [[Wall Street]] in New York City, [[George Washington]] takes the [[First inauguration of George Washington|oath of office]] to become the first [[President of the United States]].
*[[1803]] &ndash; [[Louisiana Purchase]]: The United States purchases the [[Louisiana Territory]] from France for $15&nbsp;million, more than doubling the size of the young nation.
*[[1812]] &ndash; The [[Territory of Orleans]] becomes the 18th [[U.S. state]] under the name [[Louisiana]].
*[[1838]] &ndash; [[Nicaragua]] declares independence from the [[Central American Federation]].
*[[1863]] &ndash; A 65-man [[French Foreign Legion]] infantry patrol fights a force of nearly 2,000 Mexican soldiers to nearly the last man in [[Battle of Camarón|Hacienda Camarón]], Mexico.
*[[1864]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] forces led by General [[Edmund Kirby Smith|E. Kirby Smith]] [[Battle of Jenkins' Ferry|attack]] [[Federal government of the United States|federal]] troops retreating across the [[Saline River (Ouachita River tributary)|Saline]] at [[Jenkins' Ferry Battleground State Park|Jenkins' Ferry]], Arkansas.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bearss |first=Edwin C. |author-link= Edwin C. Bearss |date=1967 |chapter=Chapter V: The Confederates Fail to Destroy Stele's Army at Jenkins' Ferry |title=Steele's Retreat From Camden and the Battle of Jenkins' Ferry |others=Arrangement with the Grant County Chamber of Commerce |location=Little Rock, Arkansas |publisher=Arkansas Civil War Centennial Commission |pages=114-169 |oclc=1843035}}</ref>
*[[1871]] &ndash; The [[Camp Grant massacre]] takes place in [[Arizona Territory]].
*[[1885]] &ndash; [[Governor of New York]] [[David B. Hill]] signs legislation creating the [[Niagara Reservation]], New York's first state park, ensuring that [[Niagara Falls]] will not be devoted solely to industrial and commercial use.
*[[1897]] &ndash; [[J. J. Thomson]] of the [[Cavendish Laboratory]] announces his discovery of the [[electron]] as a [[subatomic particle]], over 1,800 times smaller than a [[proton]] (in the atomic nucleus), at a lecture at the [[Royal Institution]] in London.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Ninety years around the atom|first=Christine|last=Sutton|journal=New Scientist|date=8 January 1997|page=49}}</ref>
*[[1900]] &ndash; [[Hawaii]] becomes a [[Territory of Hawaii|territory]] of the United States, with [[Sanford B. Dole]] as [[Governor of Hawaii|governor]].

===1901–present===
*[[1905]] &ndash; [[Albert Einstein]] completes his doctoral thesis at the [[University of Zurich]].
*[[1925]] &ndash; Automaker [[Dodge Brothers, Inc]] is sold to [[Dillon, Read & Co.]] for US$146&nbsp;million plus $50&nbsp;million for charity.
*[[1927]] &ndash; The [[Federal Industrial Institute for Women]] opens in [[Alderson, West Virginia]], as the first women's federal prison in the United States.
*[[1937]] &ndash; The [[Commonwealth of the Philippines]] holds a [[Philippine women's suffrage plebiscite, 1937|plebiscite for Filipino women]] on whether they should be extended the right to suffrage; over 90% would vote in the affirmative.
*[[1939]] &ndash; The [[1939 New York World's Fair|1939–40 New York World's Fair]] opens.
*  1939   &ndash; [[NBC]] inaugurates its regularly scheduled [[History of television#Mechanical television|television]] service in New York City, broadcasting President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s [[1939 New York World's Fair|N.Y. World's Fair]] opening day ceremonial address.
*[[1943]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: The British submarine {{HMS|Seraph|P219|6}} surfaces near [[Huelva]] to cast adrift a dead man dressed as a courier and carrying [[Operation Mincemeat|false invasion plans]].
*[[1945]] &ndash; World War II: ''[[Führerbunker]]'': [[Adolf Hitler]] and [[Eva Braun]] [[Death of Adolf Hitler|commit suicide]] after being married for less than 40 hours. [[Soviet]] soldiers raise the [[Victory Banner]] over the [[Reichstag building]].
*  1945   &ndash; World War II: [[Stalag Luft I]] prisoner-of-war camp near Barth, Germany is liberated by Soviet soldiers, freeing nearly 9,000 American and British airmen.
*[[1947]] &ndash; In [[Nevada]], Boulder Dam is renamed [[Hoover Dam]].
*[[1948]] &ndash; In [[Bogotá]], Colombia, the [[Organization of American States]] is established.
*[[1956]] &ndash; Former Vice President and Democratic Senator [[Alben Barkley]] dies during a speech in [[Virginia]].
*[[1957]] &ndash; [[Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery]] entered into force.
*[[1961]] &ndash; ''[[Soviet submarine K-19|K-19]]'', the first [[Soviet]] [[nuclear submarine]] equipped with [[Submarine-launched ballistic missile|nuclear missiles]], is [[ship commissioning|commissioned]].
*[[1963]] &ndash; The [[Bristol Bus Boycott]] is held in [[Bristol]] to protest the [[Bristol Omnibus Company]]'s refusal to employ Black or Asian bus crews, drawing national attention to racial discrimination in the United Kingdom.
*[[1973]] &ndash; [[Watergate scandal]]: U.S. President [[Richard Nixon]] fires [[White House]] Counsel [[John Dean]]; other top aides, most notably [[H. R. Haldeman]] and [[John Ehrlichman]], resign.
*[[1975]] &ndash; [[Fall of Saigon]]: [[Communist]] forces gain control of [[Saigon]]. The [[Vietnam War]] formally ends with the unconditional surrender of [[South Vietnam]]ese president [[Dương Văn Minh]].
*[[1979]] &ndash; [[1979 eruption of Mount Marapi|Eruption of Mount Marapi]]: [[Mount Marapi]], a [[complex volcano]] on the [[Indonesia]]n island of [[Sumatra]], erupted.<ref>{{Citation | author1=Pusat Meteorologi dan Geofisika | title=Laporan bencana alam Gunung Marapi, Sumatera Barat, tanggal 30 April 1979 | publication-date=1979 | publisher=[s.n.] | url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/10060521 | access-date=4 December 2023 | language=id |location=[[Jakarta]]}}</ref> Between 80<ref name=hvv>{{Cite news |url= https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010960140:mpeg21:a0163 |title= Vulkaan barst uit: tientallen doden op Sumatra |work=[[Het Vrije Volk]]|date=1 May 1979 |via=[[Delpher]]|language=nl}}</ref><ref name=AD>{{Cite news |url= https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=KBPERS01:002957002:mpeg21:a00141 |title= Merapi eist 80 levens bij uitbarsting |work=[[Algemeen Dagblad]]|date=2 May 1979 |via=[[Delpher]]|language=nl}}</ref> and 100<ref name=DT>{{Cite news |url= https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:011200408:mpeg21:a0858 |title=Pre-historische Toba-ramp maakte verrukkelijk meer |work=[[De Telegraaf]]|date=5 May 1979 |via=[[Delpher]]|language=nl}}</ref> people were killed.
*[[1980]] &ndash; [[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Beatrix]] is [[Inauguration of the Dutch monarch|inaugurated]] as [[Queen of the Netherlands]] following the abdication of [[Juliana of the Netherlands|Juliana]].
*  1980   &ndash; The [[Iranian Embassy siege]] begins in London.
*[[1982]] &ndash; The [[Bijon Setu massacre]] occurs in [[Calcutta]], India.
*[[1989]] &ndash; The [[Monkseaton shootings]] occur in [[Tyne and Wear]], England. One killed, 16 injured.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Doughty |first=Sophie |date=2019-04-30 |title='It still doesn't seem real' - 30 years on from Robert Sartin's shooting spree |url=https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/it-still-doesnt-seem-real-16193099 |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=Chronicle Live |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1993]] &ndash; [[CERN]] announces [[World Wide Web]] protocols will be free.
*[[1994]] &ndash; [[Formula One]] racing driver [[Roland Ratzenberger]] is killed in a crash during the qualifying session of the [[San Marino Grand Prix]] run at [[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari]] outside [[Imola]], Italy.
*[[1999]] &ndash; Neo-Nazi David Copeland carries out the last of his three [[1999 London nail bombings|nail bombings in London]] at the [[Admiral Duncan (pub)|Admiral Duncan]] [[gay pub]], killing three people and injuring 79 others.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nail bomb explosion at London pub kills two|work=The Guardian|date=30 April 1999|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1999/apr/30/2?INTCMP=SRCH|accessdate=30 April 2021|postscript=none}}; {{cite news|last1=Honigsbaum|first1=Mark|last2=Campbell|first2=Denis|last3=Thompson|first3=Tony|last4=Ryle|first4=Sarah|last5=Veash|first5=Nicole|last6=Wazir|first6=Burhan|title=Bomb factory man seized as death toll rises|work=The Guardian|date=2 May 1999|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1999/may/02/race.world?INTCMP=SRCH|accessdate=30 April 2021|postscript=none}}; {{cite news|title=Gay community hit by nail bomb|work=The Guardian|date=5 May 1999|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/1999/may/05/guardianweekly.guardianweekly1?INTCMP=SRCH|accessdate=30 April 2021|postscript=none}}; {{cite news|last=Vasagar|first=Jeevan|title=Celebration that ended in deaths of three friends|work=The Guardian|date=1 July 2000|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,338527,00.html|accessdate=30 April 2021}}</ref>
*[[2000]] &ndash; [[Canonization]] of [[Faustina Kowalska]] in the presence of 200,000 people and the first [[Divine Mercy Sunday]] celebrated worldwide.
*[[2004]] &ndash; U.S. media release graphic photos of [[Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse|American soldiers committing war crimes]] against [[Iraq]]i prisoners at [[Abu Ghraib prison]].
*[[2008]] &ndash; Two skeletal remains found near [[Yekaterinburg]] are confirmed by Russian scientists to be the remains of [[Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia|Alexei]] and [[Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia|Anastasia]], two of the children of the last Tsar of Russia, whose entire family was executed at Yekaterinburg by the Bolsheviks.
*[[2009]] &ndash; [[Chrysler]] files for [[Chapter 11]] bankruptcy.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Clark |first=Andrew |date=2009-04-30 |title=Chrysler declares itself bankrupt |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/apr/30/chrysler-verge-bankruptcy-talks-collapse |access-date=2024-04-30 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
*  2009   &ndash; Seven civilians and the perpetrator are [[2009 attack on the Dutch Royal Family|killed]] and another ten injured at a [[Queen's Day]] parade in [[Apeldoorn]], Netherlands in an attempted assassination on Queen [[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Beatrix]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-05-15 |title=nrc.nl - International - Queen's Day attack death toll rises to eight |url=http://www.nrc.nl/international/article2238048.ece/Queens_Day_attack_death_toll_rises_to_eight |access-date=2024-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090515132704/http://www.nrc.nl/international/article2238048.ece/Queens_Day_attack_death_toll_rises_to_eight |archive-date=2009-05-15 }}</ref>
*[[2012]] &ndash; An overloaded [[Assam ferry sinking|ferry capsizes]] on the [[Brahmaputra River]] in India killing at least 108 people.  At least 150 more are missing and presumed dead.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-05-02 |title=Rahul Gandhi visits survivors after India ferry sinking |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-17930963 |access-date=2024-04-30 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>
*[[2013]] &ndash; [[Willem-Alexander]] is [[Inauguration of the Dutch monarch|inaugurated]] as [[King of the Netherlands]] following the abdication of [[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Beatrix]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-01-28 |title=Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands to abdicate for son |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-21237254 |access-date=2024-04-30 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-04-30 |title=Dutch Queen Beatrix abdicates in favour of son |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-22348160 |access-date=2024-04-30 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>
*[[2014]] &ndash; A [[April 2014 Ürümqi attack|bomb blast]] in [[Ürümqi]], China kills three people and injures 79 others.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-04-30 |title=Deadly China blast at Xinjiang railway station |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-27225308 |access-date=2024-04-30 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>
*[[2021]] &ndash; Forty-five men and boys are killed in the [[Meron stampede]] in Israel.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=30 April 2021 |title=45 dead, 150 injured as disaster strikes Lag B'Omer festival at Mt. Meron |url=https://www.israelhayom.com/2021/04/30/at-least-44-dead-dozens-injured-as-tragedy-strikes-lag-bomer-event-at-mt-meron/ |work=Israel Hayom |access-date=1 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-05-03|title=Israel crush: State watchdog to investigate disaster on Mount Meron|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-56970209|access-date=2021-05-16}}</ref>