Editing April 13 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[1111]] &ndash; [[Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry V]], King of Germany, is crowned [[Holy Roman Emperor]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Chrysogonus Waddell|title=Narrative and Legislative Texts from Early Cîteaux: Latin Text in Dual Edition with English Translation and Notes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X2nZAAAAMAAJ|year=1999|publisher=Abbaye de Cîteaux|page=429|isbn=9789080543911}}</ref>
*[[1204]] &ndash; [[Constantinople]] [[Sack of Constantinople|falls to the Crusaders]] of the [[Fourth Crusade]], temporarily ending the [[Byzantine Empire]].<ref>{{cite book|author=University Lecturer in History David Abulafia|title=The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 5, C.1198-c.1300|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bclfdU_2lesC&pg=PA525|year=1995|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-36289-4|pages=525}}</ref>
*[[1455]] &ndash; [[Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)|Thirteen Years' War]]: the beginning of the [[Battle for Kneiphof]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rogalski |first=Leon |title=Dzieje Krzyżaków oraz ich stosunki z Polską, Litwą i Prusami |publisher=S. Orgelbrand |year=1846 |volume=II |location=Warsaw}}</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1612]] &ndash; Samurai [[Miyamoto Musashi]] defeats [[Sasaki Kojirō]] in a duel at [[Ganryū-jima|Funajima island]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Tokitsu|first=Kenji|title=Miyamoto Musashi: His Life and Writings|location=Boston|publisher=Shambhala|date=2004|isbn=9781590300459|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IZMIiyYmIVcC|page=74}}</ref>
*[[1613]] &ndash; [[Samuel Argall]], having captured [[Pocahontas]] in [[Passapatanzy, Virginia]], sets off with her to Jamestown with the intention of exchanging her for English prisoners held by [[Powhatan (Native American leader)|her father]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=John Ward Dean|author2=George Folsom|author3=John Gilmary Shea|title=Historical Magazine: And Notes and Queries Concerning the Antiquities, History, and Biography of America|url=https://archive.org/details/historicalmagaz04stilgoog|year=1860|publisher=Henry B. Dawson|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historicalmagaz04stilgoog/page/n295 289]}}</ref>
*[[1699]] &ndash; The [[Sikh]] religion is formalised as the [[Khalsa]] &ndash; the brotherhood of Warrior-Saints{{snd}}by [[Guru Gobind Singh]] in northern India, in accordance with the [[Nanakshahi calendar]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Mahmood |first=Cynthia Keppley |title=Fighting for faith and nation dialogues with Sikh militants |url=https://archive.org/details/fightingforfaith00cynt |url-access=limited |year=1996 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |location=Philadelphia |isbn=978-0812215922 |oclc=44966032 |pages=43–45}}</ref>
*[[1742]] &ndash; [[George Frideric Handel]]'s [[oratorio]] ''[[Messiah (Handel)|Messiah]]'' makes its world premiere in [[Dublin]], Ireland.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lang|first=Paul Henry|title=George Frideric Handel|location=New York|publisher=Dover Publications|date=1996|isbn=9780486292274|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9aK8AQAAQBAJ|page=340}}</ref>
*[[1777]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: American forces are ambushed and defeated in the [[Battle of Bound Brook]], [[New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Brandus|first=Paul|title=This Day in U.S. Military History|location=Lanham, Md.|publisher=Bernan Press|date=2020|isbn=9781641433853|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t8vADwAAQBAJ|page=100}}</ref>
*[[1829]] &ndash; The [[Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829]] gives [[Roman Catholicism in the United Kingdom|Roman Catholics]] in the United Kingdom the right to vote and to sit in Parliament.<ref>{{cite book|last=McCarthy|first=Michael F.J.|title=Church and State in England and Wales, 1829-1906|location=Dublin|publisher=Hodges, Figgis & Co.|date=1906|oclc=806201062|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NN4-AAAAIAAJ|page=23}}</ref>
*[[1849]] &ndash; [[Lajos Kossuth]] presents the [[Hungarian Declaration of Independence]] in a closed session of the National Assembly.<ref>{{cite book|last=Troubetzkoy|first=Alexis S.|title=The Road to Balaklava: Stumbling Into War With Russia|location=Toronto|publisher=Trafalgar Press|date=1986|isbn=9780969241706|page=59}}</ref>
*[[1861]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: Union forces surrender [[Fort Sumter]] to Confederate forces.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hearn|first=Chester G.|title=Lincoln and McClellan at War|location=Baton Rouge|publisher=Louisiana State University Press|date=2013|isbn=9780807145524|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K47TC2-690UC|page=14}}</ref>
*[[1865]] &ndash; American Civil War: [[Raleigh, North Carolina]] is occupied by Union forces.<ref>{{cite book|last=Pierpaoli| first=Paul G. Jr. |chapter=Raleigh, North Carolina|title=American Civil War: A State-By-State Encyclopedia. Volume 2: New Jersey-Wisconsin|editor-last1=Tucker|editor-first1=Spencer C.|editor-last2=Pierpaoli|editor-first2=Paul G. Jr. |location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|publisher=ABC-CLIO|date=2015|isbn=9781598845280|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HhjYBgAAQBAJ|page=561}}</ref>
*[[1870]] &ndash; The New York City [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] is founded.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Baetjer|first1=Katharine|last2=Mertens|first2=Joan R.|chapter=The Founding Decades|title=Making the Met, 1870-2020|editor-last1=Bayer|editor-first1=Andrea|editor-last2=Corey|editor-first2=Laura D.|location=New York|publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art|date=2020|isbn=9781588397096|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dJ7YDwAAQBAJ|page=35}}</ref>
*[[1873]] &ndash; The [[Colfax massacre]]: More than 60 to 150 black men are murdered in [[Colfax, Louisiana]], while surrendering to a mob of former Confederate soldiers and members of the [[Ku Klux Klan]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Lane|first=Charles|title=The Day Freedom Died: The Colfax Massacre, the Supreme Court, and the Betrayal of Reconstruction|location=New York|publisher=Henry Holt and Co.|date=2008|isbn=9780805083422|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ulexrXOMTsgC|pages=23–24}}</ref>

===1901–present===
*[[1909]] &ndash; The [[31 March incident|31 March Incident]] leads to the overthrow of Sultan [[Abdul Hamid II]].
*[[1919]] &ndash; [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]]: [[British Indian Army]] troops led by Brigadier-General [[Reginald Dyer]] kill approximately 379–1,000 unarmed demonstrators including men and women in [[Amritsar]], India; and approximately 1,500 injured.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Unnithan |first1=Sandeep |title=100 years of Jallianwala Bagh massacre: Where's the grace to say sorry? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/up-front/story/20190422-100-years-of-jallianwala-bagh-massacre-where-s-the-grace-to-say-sorry-1500895-2019-04-13 |access-date=3 February 2023 |magazine=India Today |issue=16 |date=13 April 2019 |pages=4–5 |language=en |volume=44}}</ref>
*[[1924]] &ndash; [[A.E.K. (sports club)|A.E.K.]], a major [[Greece|Greek]] [[multi-sport club]], is established in [[Athens]] by [[Greek refugees]] from [[Constantinople]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-28 |title=ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ |url=https://www.aek.gr/history/ |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=ΑΕΚ - Αθλητική Ένωση Κωνσταντινουπόλεως |language=el}}</ref>
*[[1941]] &ndash; A [[Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact|pact of neutrality]] between the [[Soviet Union|USSR]] and Japan is signed.
*[[1943]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: The discovery of [[mass grave]]s of Polish [[prisoner of war|prisoners of war]] [[mass execution|killed]] by Soviet forces in the [[Katyn massacre|Katyń Forest Massacre]] is announced, causing a diplomatic rift between the [[Polish government-in-exile]] in London and the [[Soviet Union]], which denies responsibility.
*  1943 &ndash; The [[Jefferson Memorial]] is dedicated in Washington, D.C., on the 200th anniversary of President [[Thomas Jefferson]]'s birth.
*[[1945]] &ndash; World War II: [[Nazi Germany|German]] troops [[Gardelegen massacre|kill]] more than 1,000 political and military prisoners in [[Gardelegen]], Germany.
*  1945 &ndash; World War II: [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] and [[Kingdom of Bulgaria|Bulgarian]] forces [[Vienna Offensive|capture Vienna]].
*[[1948]] &ndash; In an ambush, 78 Jewish doctors, nurses and medical students from [[Hadassah Hospital]], and a British soldier, are massacred by Arabs in [[Sheikh Jarrah]]. This event came to be known as the [[Hadassah medical convoy massacre]]. 
*[[1953]] &ndash; [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] director [[Allen Dulles]] launches the [[Brainwashing|mind-control]] program [[Project MKUltra]].
*[[1960]] &ndash; The United States launches [[Transit (satellite)|Transit 1-B]], the world's first [[satellite navigation]] system.
*[[1964]] &ndash; At the [[36th Academy Awards|Academy Awards]], [[Sidney Poitier]] becomes the first [[African-American]] man to win the [[Academy Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] award for the 1963 film ''[[Lilies of the Field (1963 film)|Lilies of the Field]]''.
*[[1970]] &ndash; An [[oxygen]] tank aboard the [[Apollo 13]] Service Module explodes, putting the crew in great danger and causing major damage to the [[Apollo command and service module]] (codenamed "''Odyssey''") while en route to the [[Moon]].
*[[1972]] &ndash; The [[Universal Postal Union]] decides to recognize the [[China|People's Republic of China]] as the only legitimate Chinese representative, effectively expelling the [[Republic of China]] administering [[Taiwan]].
*  1972 &ndash; [[Vietnam War]]: The [[Battle of An Lộc]] begins.
*[[1975]] &ndash; An [[Bus massacre|attack]] by the [[Kataeb Party|Phalangist]] resistance kills 26 militia members of the [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]], marking the start of the 15-year [[Lebanese Civil War]].
*[[1976]] &ndash; The [[United States Treasury Department]] reintroduces the [[United States two-dollar bill|two-dollar bill]] as a [[Federal Reserve Note]] on [[Thomas Jefferson]]'s 233rd birthday as part of the [[United States Bicentennial]] celebration.
*  1976 &ndash; Forty workers die in the [[Lapua Cartridge Factory explosion]], the deadliest industrial accident in modern [[Finland|Finnish]] history.
*[[1996]] &ndash; Two women and four children are killed after Israeli helicopter [[Mansouri attack|fired rockets at an ambulance]] in [[Mansouri, Lebanon|Mansouri]], Lebanon.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-09-21|title=Lebanon flies the flags of mourning|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/lebanon-flies-the-flags-of-mourning-1307361.html|access-date=2021-04-17|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref>
*[[1997]] &ndash; [[Tiger Woods]] becomes the youngest [[golf]]er to win the [[Masters Tournament]].
*[[2006]] &ndash; The [[United Front for Democratic Change]]'s [[Battle of N'Djamena (2006)|attack]] on the [[Chad]]ian capital of [[N'Djamena]] is repelled by the [[Chadian army]]<ref>{{cite web|date=2006-04-13|title=UN condemns rebel attack in Chad|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4908836.stm|access-date=2025-04-13|website=[[BBC News]]|language=en}}</ref>
*[[2009]] &ndash; A [[Kamień Pomorski homeless hostel fire|fire]] destroys a homeless hostel and kills at least 22 people in [[Kamień Pomorski]], [[Poland]].<ref>{{cite web|date=2009-04-13|title=Fire in Polish hostel kills 21|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7996390.stm|access-date=13 April 2025|website=[[BBC News]]|language=en}}</ref>
*[[2013]] &ndash; [[Salam Fayyad]] resigns as [[Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority]] following an ongoing dispute with the President [[Mahmoud Abbas]].<ref>{{cite web|date=2013-04-13|title=Palestinian Prime Minister Salam Fayyad resigns|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-22139517|access-date=13 April 2025|website=[[BBC News]]|language=en}}</ref>
*[[2014]] &ndash; Three people are killed in a [[2014 Overland Park shootings|shooting]] in [[Overland Park, Kansas]].<ref name="3 dead after shootings at Kansas City-area Jewish centers">{{cite news |title=3 killed in shootings at Kansas City-area Jewish centers |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/04/13/us/kansas-jewish-center-shooting/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140417025427/http://www.cnn.com/2014/04/13/us/kansas-jewish-center-shooting/ |archive-date=2014-04-17 |access-date=2014-04-23 |work=CNN}}</ref>
*[[2023]] &ndash; The house of [[Jack Teixeira]] is raided in an investigation into [[2022–2023 Pentagon document leaks|leaked Pentagon documents]]; he is arrested on the same day.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Chamberlain|first1=Samuel|last2=Crane|first2=Emily|date= 2023-04-13|title=Law enforcement search home of Jack Teixeira, Mass. Air National Guardsman at center of 'digileaks' scandal |url=https://nypost.com/2023/04/13/person-who-leaked-classified-us-intelligence-documents-works-on-a-military-base-report/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613141636/https://nypost.com/2023/04/13/person-who-leaked-classified-us-intelligence-documents-works-on-a-military-base-report/|archive-date=13 June 2023 |accessdate=10 September 2023 |website=newyorkpost.com |publisher=New York Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Chamberlain |first1=Samuel|last2=Kesslen|first2=Ben|last3=Crane|first3=Emily|date= 2023-04-13|title=Air National Guardsman Jack Teixeira, 21, arrested in US intel leaks |url=https://nypost.com/2023/04/13/national-guardsman-jack-teixeira-arrested-in-us-intel-leaks/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421210211/https://nypost.com/2023/04/13/national-guardsman-jack-teixeira-arrested-in-us-intel-leaks/|archive-date=21 April 2023 |accessdate=10 September 2023 |website=newyorkpost.com |publisher=New York Post}}</ref>
*[[2024]] &ndash; Six people and the perpetrator are killed and twelve others injured in [[Bondi Junction stabbings|a mass stabbing]] at [[Westfield Bondi Junction]] shopping centre in [[Sydney]], Australia.<ref>{{cite web |title='Run, run, run': Chaos at a Sydney mall as 6 people stabbed to death, and the suspect fatally shot |url=https://apnews.com/article/sydney-shopping-center-stabbing-shot-bondi-52318d684ebbab17dcac33a833ba0d51 |website=AP News |date=13 April 2024 |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
*[[2025]] &ndash; [[Rory McIlroy]] wins the [[2025 Masters Tournament|Masters Tournament]], becoming just the sixth person to complete the [[Grand Slam (golf)|Grand Slam]] in golf.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-13 |title=Rory McIlroy beats Justin Rose in Masters play-off to clinch career Grand Slam |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/golf/articles/c3evny5kpv2o |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref>