Editing Antonin Scalia (section)

==Early life and education==
Scalia was born on March 11, 1936, in [[Trenton, New Jersey]].<ref name="maninthenews">{{Cite news |last=Molotski |first=Irwin |date=June 18, 1986 |title=The Supreme Court: Man in the News; Judge with tenacity and charm: Antonin Scalia |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/06/18/us/the-supreme-court-man-in-the-news-judge-with-tenacity-and-charm-antonin-scalia.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811185356/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/06/18/us/the-supreme-court-man-in-the-news-judge-with-tenacity-and-charm-antonin-scalia.html |archive-date=August 11, 2014 |access-date=January 12, 2010 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> He was the only child of Salvatore Eugenio "Eugene" Scalia (1903–1986), an Italian immigrant from [[Sommatino]], [[Sicily]]. Salvatore graduated from [[Rutgers University]] and was a graduate student at [[Columbia University]] and clerk at the time of his son's birth.<ref name="rents">{{Harvnb|Biskupic|2009|pp=11–15}}</ref> The elder Scalia would become a professor of [[Romance language]]s at [[Brooklyn College]], where he was an adherent to the [[Formalism (literature)|formalist]] [[New Criticism]] school of literary theory.<ref>{{Citation |last=Talbot |first=Margaret |title=Supreme confidence: The jurisprudence of Antonin Scalia |date=March 28, 2005 |magazine=The New Yorker |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2005/03/28/supreme-confidence |access-date=February 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215095519/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2005/03/28/supreme-confidence |archive-date=February 15, 2016 |url-status=live |author-link=Margaret Talbot}}</ref> Scalia's mother, Catherine Louise ({{née|Panaro}}; 1905–1985), was born in Trenton to Italian immigrant parents and worked as an elementary school teacher.<ref name="rents" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=March 8, 2013 |title=Antonin Scalia Fast Facts |url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/03/08/us/antonin-scalia-fast-facts/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160214055527/http://www.cnn.com/2013/03/08/us/antonin-scalia-fast-facts/ |archive-date=February 14, 2016 |access-date=February 14, 2016 |publisher=CNN}}</ref>

In 1939, Scalia and his family moved to [[Elmhurst, Queens]], where he attended P.S.&nbsp;13 Clement&nbsp;C. Moore School.{{sfn|Murphy|2014|p=10}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barker |first=Kim |date=February 14, 2016 |title=In Queens, Antonin Scalia Took Pride in Melting Pot and Confrontation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/15/nyregion/in-queens-antonin-scalia-took-pride-in-melting-pot-and-confrontation.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215031722/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/15/nyregion/in-queens-antonin-scalia-took-pride-in-melting-pot-and-confrontation.html |archive-date=February 15, 2016 |access-date=February 15, 2016 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> After completing [[eighth grade]],{{sfn|Biskupic|2009|pp=17–19}} he obtained an academic scholarship to [[Xavier High School (New York City)|Xavier High School]], a [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] military school in [[Manhattan]],{{sfn|Biskupic|2009|p=21}} from which he graduated ranked first in his class in 1953.<ref name="washpostbio">{{Citation |last=Marcus |first=Ruth |title=Scalia tenacious after staking out a position |date=June 22, 1986 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/22/AR2007082200970.html |access-date=January 12, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909200012/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/22/AR2007082200970.html |archive-date=September 9, 2013 |url-status=live |author-link=Ruth Marcus (journalist)}}</ref> Scalia achieved a 97.5 average at Xavier, earning decorations in [[Latin]], [[Greek language|Greek]], and [[debate]], among other subjects, in addition to being a distinguished member of its [[Glee club]].<ref name="TT1953">{{Cite news |date=July 4, 1953 |title=Two From Diocese Win 22 Honors at Xavier |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/576320365/ |access-date=March 25, 2023 |work=[[The Tablet]] |page=9}}</ref> He later reflected that he spent much of his time on schoolwork and admitted, "I was never cool."<ref name="sixty">{{Citation |title=Justice Scalia on the record |date=August 24, 2008 |work=CBS |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/justice-scalia-on-the-record/ |access-date=January 13, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100104040614/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/04/24/60minutes/main4040290.shtml |archive-date=January 4, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

While a youth, Scalia was also active as a [[Boy Scouts of America|Boy Scout]] and was part of the Scouts' national honor society, the [[Order of the Arrow]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wendell |first=Bryan |date=February 16, 2016 |title=Before he served on the Supreme Court, Antonin Scalia was a Boy Scout |url=http://blog.scoutingmagazine.org/2016/02/16/before-he-served-on-the-supreme-court-antonin-scalia-was-a-boy-scout/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225064057/http://blog.scoutingmagazine.org/2016/02/16/before-he-served-on-the-supreme-court-antonin-scalia-was-a-boy-scout/ |archive-date=February 25, 2016 |access-date=February 18, 2016}}</ref> Classmate and future New York State official William Stern remembered Scalia in his high school days: "This kid was a conservative when he was 17&nbsp;years old. An archconservative Catholic. He could have been a member of the [[Roman Curia|Curia]]. He was the top student in the class. He was brilliant, way above everybody else."<ref name="maninthenews" />{{sfn|Staab|2006|p=3}}

In 1953, Scalia enrolled at [[Georgetown University]], where he majored in history. He became a champion collegiate debater in Georgetown's [[Philodemic Society]] and a critically praised thespian.{{sfn|Murphy|2014|pp=22–27}} He took his junior year abroad in [[Switzerland]] at the [[University of Fribourg]].<ref name="maninthenews" /> Scalia graduated from Georgetown in 1957 as class [[valedictorian]] with a [[Bachelor of Arts]], [[Latin honors#United States|''summa cum laude'']].{{Sfn|Dorsen|2017|p=7}} Scalia then went to [[Harvard Law School]], where he was a notes editor for the ''[[Harvard Law Review]]''.<ref name="hlrecord">{{Citation |title=Scalia Speaks in Ames, Scolds Aggressive Student |date=December 7, 2006 |work=Harvard Law Record |url=http://media.www.hlrecord.org/media/storage/paper609/news/2006/12/07/News/Scalia.Speaks.In.Ames.Scolds.Aggressive.Student-2528117.shtml?sourcedomain=www.hlrecord.org&MIIHost=media.collegepublisher.com |access-date=January 12, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100410232937/http://www.hlrecord.org/2.4463/scalia-speaks-in-ames-scolds-aggressive-student-1.578356 |archive-date=April 10, 2010}}</ref> He graduated in 1960 with a [[Bachelor of Laws]], ''magna cum laude'', among the top of the class.{{Sfn|Dorsen|2017|p=7}} During his time at Harvard, Scalia was awarded a Sheldon Fellowship, which allowed him to travel abroad in Europe during 1960 and 1961.<ref name="pbs">{{Citation |last=Fox |first=John |title=Biographies of the Robes: Antonin Gregory Scalia |url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/future/robes_scalia.html |access-date=January 12, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906090649/https://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/future/robes_scalia.html |archive-date=September 6, 2017 |url-status=live |publisher=PBS}}</ref>